Energy direct inputs and greenhouse gas emissions of the main industrial trawl fishery of Brazil

The evolution of the industrial trawl fishery footprint off southeastern and southern Brazil

“…In comparison 921 The evolution of footprint from trawl fishery off Brazil 15 with other strategies, these vessels used the most extensive shelf area, and disturbed more sand/mud habitat surface to produce less landed biomass. Combined with their highest fuel consumption and green-house gases emission rates (Port et al, 2016), highest production of indirect mortality through bycatch and discards ) and the potential to overfish and deplete local stocks (D'Incao et al, 2002;Perez, 2002;Pezzuto & Borzone, 2004), double rig shrimp trawlers comprise the main stressors of demersal environments off southeastern and southern Brazil. Managing this economically and socially important activity towards sustainability, in a broad ecological sense, in conciliation with other fisheries and uses of the shelf areas, remains a critical task in the country's marine environmental agenda and will require complex solutions.…”

“…Within the limited core area, however, despite the high overall catch rate, a significant area was swept in association with elevated fuel consumption and CO2 emissions (Port et al, 2016). Moreover, important short-term biomass reductions of key stocks such as the monkfish, codling, hake, wreckfish and others have been reported (Perez et al, 2009a).…”

“…The analyzed data set comprised information on catch, effort and fishing areas of 10,144 fishing trips (double rig trawlers = 8,012 trips; stern trawlers = 949 trips; pair trawlers = 1,183 trips) that landed their catch in the harbors of Santa Catarina State between 2003 and 2011 (Port et al, 2016) (Table 1). These comprised approximately 70% of total landings in Santa Catarina , 2007a, 2007b and were highly representative of the trawl fishing activity conducted off southeastern and southern Brazil; the state harbors nearly 60% of all operating trawlers and records annually 50-70% of the trawl fishing landed biomass .…”

“…Using a 9-year data series, the present study is a primary attempt to delimit the recent spatial footprint of the trawl fishery and estimate the extension of the trawled/impacted area in relation to 909 The evolution of footprint from trawl fishery off Brazil 3 benthic substrates, latitude and depth ranges of southeastern and southern Brazil. Along with a previous assessment of total oil consumption and greenhouse gas emissions produced by these trawlers (Port et al, 2016), this analysis is intended to enhance the current understanding on the impact exerted by bottom fisheries on the continental margin benthic ecosystems as a contribution to ecosystem-based management regimes and marine spatial planning initiatives.…”

Pathways for sustainable industrial fisheries in southeastern and southern Brazil

“…The latter provided estimates of spatial footprints historically established by trawlers and an index of 'area swept' that may become useful as a proxy for benthic habitat disturbance. Early in IGEPESCA development, this approach was also used to estimate regional levels of oil consumption and greenhouse gas emissions of the trawling fleet (Port et al, 2016b).…”