Energy dispersive x-ray fluorescence analysis of air particulates in Texas

Rhodes, J.R.; Pradzynski, A.H.; Hunter, Colin B.; Payne, Jimmie S.; Lindgren, James L.

doi:10.1021/es60069a001

Cited by 58 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Before comparing data in Table 1, one irregularity in the Table will be discussed. The Cu levels both in Pittsburgh and the rural area appeared to be at least ten times higher than values reported previously (Rhodes et al, 1972;Granat et al, 1972;Gatz, 1972). This can be observed also in the comparison of ratios of Cu to other heavy elements in Pittsburgh rainwater and air particulate data.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 57%

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Pittsburgh rainwater analysis by PEE

Chan

Cohen

Frohliger

et al. 1976

Tellus A: Dynamic Meteorology and Oceanography

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Concentrations of thirteen elements in rainwater from the Pittsburgh, Pa., area were analysed by Charged Particle Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE). They were compared to rainwater in a rural area and air particulates in Pittsburgh. Local and non-local contributions are discussed. Washout ratios were calculated and found t o be larger for smaller size particles, contrary to general belief. This work demonstrates the convenience of using PIXE.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 57%

“…Deviations will be up to 50% among different targets. Self absorption of the samples is considered theoretically according to the thin-specimen criterion (Rhodes et al, 1972):…”

Section: Atomic Numbermentioning

confidence: 99%

Pittsburgh rainwater analysis by PEE

Chan

Cohen

Frohliger

et al. 1976

Tellus A: Dynamic Meteorology and Oceanography

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“…A working rule of thumb exists which states that absorption or enhancement effects will be negligible (i.e. less than 5%) when where µ is the total mass absorption coefficient for incident and transmitted radiation in cm 2 g −1 and M is the mass on the filter in g cm −2 16. It is therefore necessary to limit loadings of fume collected on membrane filters to generally less than 2 mg cm 2 and limit the lightest element analysed to Titanium.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The determination of elements in welding fume by X‐ray spectrometry and UniQuant

Hurst¹,

Volpato²,

O’Donnell³

2011

X-Ray Spectrometry

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Welding is a hazardous process with an associated risk of health effects related to the fume arising from the core metal, flux components and welding surface. X-ray fluorescence (XRF) is commonly used to determine elemental concentrations as part of occupational hygiene investigations using conventional calibrations. A method is proposed to determine elements in welding fume using XRF and a fundamental parameter software package known as UniQuant  . This was found to remove the need for special dust standards being prepared as the calibration used was based on a series of standards supplied with UniQuant that would cover all sample types. A conventional calibration and UniQuant calibration were set up and elements found in welding fume were determined from tin to titanium. Samples obtained from the Health and Safety Laboratory Workplace Analysis Scheme for Proficiency (WASP) programme were also analysed by both methods for nickel, iron, manganese and chromium. For the normal calibration, average recovery results for the WASP samples were between 92 and 103% of the target value with relative standard deviations of 3-7%. For the UniQuant calibration, average recovery results for the WASP samples were between 97 and 112% of the target value with relative standard deviations of 3-10%. These results are well within analytical performance expectations for the type of welding fume matrix analysed. The method was applied to real welding fume samples collected from workplaces.

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“…Methods suitable for analysis of a wide range of elements by both wavelength and energy-dispersive methods have been reported. 259 - 260 Birks 261 has shown that sensitivity and detection limits in XRF analysis may be predicted theoretically, and that such predictions may be used to indicate the optimum instrumental parameters for the element and sample.…”

Section: / X-ray Emission Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%