Energy Dissipation and Electromagnetic Radiation Response of Sandstone Samples with a Pre-Existing Crack of Various Inclinations under an Impact Load

Abstract

Various primary fissures and defects are widely present in a rock mass and have a significant impact on the stability of the rock mass. We studied the influence of the crack inclination angle on the energy dissipation and electromagnetic radiation (EMR) response of sandstone under an impact load. Impact tests were conducted on red sandstone samples with different inclination angles, in addition to test energy dissipation and EMR signals. The results showed that as the energy of the stress wave increased, the energy consumption density and damage variables of the sample gradually increased, and the electromagnetic radiation energy also increased. As the crack inclination increased, the energy consumption density first decreased and then increased, while the damage variable and electromagnetic radiation energy first increased and then decreased. In the process of impact damage, the main frequency of EMR was 0~5 kHz. As the energy of the stress wave increased, the dominant frequency band of the main frequency expanded from low frequency to high frequency, and the amplitude signal gradually increased; the α = 45° specimen frequency domain was the widest, and the amplitude was the largest. The crack inclination significantly changed the failure state of the sample, resulting in changes in the energy dissipation and the electromagnetic radiation response of the sample.

Fracture Electromagnetic Radiation Induced by a Seismic Active Zone (in the Vicinity of Eilat City, Southern Israel)

“…FEMR measurements have been conducted in various laboratory studies using a widefrequency spectrum (from the kHz band to the MHz band), e.g., [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34]. The results of studies performed before 2021 are reviewed in [35].…”