Energy Dissipation in Driven Granular Matter in the Absence of Gravity

Sack, Achim; Heckel, Maria; Kollmer, Jonathan E.; Zimber, Fabian; Pöschel, Thorsten

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.111.018001

Cited by 95 publications

(123 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The collect-and-collide behavior ceases for amplitudes below a given threshold which is related to the optimal damping length. Further experiments confirm that the observed behavior holds also true for steadily driven systems [10].…”

Section: Steady State Conditionssupporting

confidence: 68%

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Collective granular dynamics in a shaken container at low gravity conditions

Kollmer¹,

Sack²,

Heckel³

et al. 2013

AIP Conference Proceedings

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Abstract. We investigate the collective dissipative behavior of a model granular material (steel beads) when subjected to vibration. To this end, we study the attenuation of the amplitude of an oscillating leaf spring whose free end carries a rectangular box partly filled with granulate. To eliminate the perturbing influence of gravity, the experiment was performed under conditions of microgravity during parabolic flights. Different regimes of excitation could be distinguished, namely, a gas-like state of disordered particle motion and a state where the particles slosh back and forth between the container walls in a collective way, referred to as collect-and-collide regime. For the latter regime, we provide an expression for the container size leading to maximal dissipation of energy, that also marks the transition to the gas like regime. Also for systems driven at fixed amplitude and frequency, we find both the gas regime and the collect-and-collide regime resulting in similar dissipative behavior as in the case of the attenuating vibration.

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Section: Steady State Conditionssupporting

confidence: 68%

“…A formula to optimize granular dampers and explaining the limits of collect-and-collide is derived and validated. We also present experimental results for a steadily driven system showing that our findings are not limited to attenuated osciallators [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Collective granular dynamics in a shaken container at low gravity conditions

Kollmer¹,

Sack²,

Heckel³

et al. 2013

AIP Conference Proceedings

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show abstract

“…It was shown that the effective energy dissipation is carried out under the collect-and-collide regime. Additionally, Sack et al [131] performed a similar experiment with regard to steady-state systems and drew the same conclusion.The equivalent principles, based on the observation that a particle group is equivalent to a single particle, can be stated as follows:1. The void volume of the multiparticle damper is equal to that of the single-particle damper.…”

mentioning

confidence: 48%

Particle impact dampers: Past, present, and future

Wang

Masri

Lü

2017

Struct Control Health Monit

201

105

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Particle damping, an effective passive vibration control technology, is developing dramatically at the present stage, especially in the aerospace and machinery fields. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of particle damping technology, beginning with its basic concept, developmental history, and research status all over the world. Furthermore, various interpretations of the underlying damping mechanism are introduced and discussed in detail. The theoretical analysis and numerical simulation, together with their pros and cons are systematically expounded, in which a discrete element method of simulating a multi-degree-of-freedom structure with a particle damper system is illustrated. Moreover, on the basis of previous studies, a simplified method to analyze the complicated nonlinear particle damping is proposed, in which all particles are modeled as a single mass, thereby simplifying its use by practicing engineers. In order to broaden the applicability of particle dampers, it is necessary to implement the coupled algorithm of finite element method and discrete element method. In addition, the characteristics of experimental studies on particle damping are also summarized. Finally, the application of particle damping technology in the aerospace field, machinery field, lifeline engineering, and civil engineering is reviewed at length. As a new trend in structural vibration control, the application of particle damping in civil engineering is just at the beginning. The advantages and potential applications are demonstrated, whereas the difficulties and deficiencies in the present studies are also discussed. The paper concludes by suggesting future developments involving semi-active approaches that can enhance the effectiveness of particle dampers when used in conjunction with structures subjected to nonstationary excitation, such as earthquakes and similar nonstationary random excitations. KEYWORDS discrete element method, impact damping, nonlinear energy sink, particle damping, passive control, semiactive control | INTRODUCTIONParticle damping technology is a form of an auxiliary-mass type vibration damper, wherein multiple metal, tungsten carbide, ceramic or other types of small particles are placed within the cavities of the vibrating structure, or the enclosures attached to the vibrating structure in order to mitigate the response of the primary structure. [1,2] As the primary structure vibrates, kinetic energy is significantly absorbed through the combined effects of particle-to-particle and particle-to-wall inelastic collisions and frictional losses, producing considerable damping to the primary structure. [3][4][5][6] Particle damping technology has been widely Received: 23 February 2017 Revised: used due to its conceptual simplicity, moderate cost, good durability, and temperature insensitivity. Provided that the operating temperature is below the particles' metal melting point, it could maintain normal operation. Furthermore, material such as tungsten powder can withstand the high temp...

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“…When tiny particles were used (300 μm), different patterns appeared depending on the vibration frequency f, for instance, stable oscillons and surface waves similar to those observed in vibrated granular beds [15][16][17][18][19]. The above grain size dependence reveals, as in the case of granular dampers [20][21][22][23][24][25], the relevance of the main dissipation mechanism: interparticle collisions for large particles and friction as the particle size decreases.Experimental setup.-A transparent ping-pong ball (coefficient of restitution ϵ c ≈ 0.91 AE 0.02, mass m c ¼ 1.9 AE 0.1 g, and inner or outer diameter D c ¼ 3.75=3.80 AE 0.02 cm) was partially filled with liquid or grains and placed on a steel plate (mass ¼ 240 g) subjected to vertical oscillations SðtÞ ¼ A sinðωtÞ; here, A is the vibration amplitude and ω ¼ 2πf. To ensure that the ball was bouncing, we used a dimensionless acceleration Γ ¼ Aω 2 =g > 1.…”

mentioning

confidence: 92%

Dynamics of a Grain-Filled Ball on a Vibrating Plate

2014

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We study experimentally how the bouncing dynamics of a hollow ball on a vibrating plate is modified when it is partially filled with liquid or grains. Whereas empty and liquid-filled balls display a dominant chaotic dynamics, a ball with grains exhibits a rich variety of stationary states, determined by the grain size and filling volume. In the collisional regime, i.e., when the energy injected to the system is mainly dissipated by interparticle collisions, an unexpected period-1 orbit appears independently of the vibration conditions, over a wide range. This is a self-regulated state driven by the formation and collapse of a granular gas within the ball during one cycle. In the frictional regime (dissipation dominated by friction), the grains move collectively and generate different patterns and steady modes: oscillons, waves, period doubling, etc. From a phase diagram and a geometrical analysis, we deduce that these modes are the result of a coupling (synchronization) between the vibrating plate frequency and the trajectory followed by the particles inside the cavity. A bouncing ball (BB) on a vibrated plate is a fundamental system used as a model in different physical and engineering problems [1]; for instance, it has been used to describe cosmic-ray particles in astrophysics [2], the dynamic stability in human performance [3], and the cantilever motion in atomic force microscopy [4]. The BB dynamics displays a period doubling route to chaos also found in biological, hydrodynamic, optical, and chemical systems [5]. More complex objects such as dimers [6], trimers [7], bouncing droplets [8], and quantum bouncers [9] also show nonlinear behaviors: bifurcations, rotations, etc. Dimers and trimers exhibit self-propulsion, providing models to study collective motions, such as fish schools [10], flocks [11], and bacteria colonies [12]. Clearly, the study of bouncing objects has been relevant to the description of a large variety of nonlinear behaviors.This Letter explores the bouncing dynamics of a hollow sphere partially filled with grains. We aim to understand how the classical BB dynamics (widely studied in the literature [1,5,13,14]) is affected by the fast energy dissipation typical of granular materials. We compared the dynamics of an empty, a liquid-filled, and a grain-filled sphere. The former two cases exhibit chaotic behaviors while the sphere with grains bounces primarily in steady states. Of particular interest was the observation of a period-1 orbit independent of the vibration conditions in a broad range. This state was observed at low filling ratios V f (< 12%) and using large beads (diameter d ¼ 2 mm). When tiny particles were used (300 μm), different patterns appeared depending on the vibration frequency f, for instance, stable oscillons and surface waves similar to those observed in vibrated granular beds [15][16][17][18][19]. The above grain size dependence reveals, as in the case of granular dampers [20][21][22][23][24][25], the relevance of the main dissipation mechanism: interparticle collisio...

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Energy Dissipation in Driven Granular Matter in the Absence of Gravity

Cited by 95 publications

References 34 publications

Collective granular dynamics in a shaken container at low gravity conditions

Collective granular dynamics in a shaken container at low gravity conditions

Particle impact dampers: Past, present, and future

Dynamics of a Grain-Filled Ball on a Vibrating Plate

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