Energy-Dominated Local Carbon Emissions in Beijing 2007: Inventory and Input-Output Analysis

Abstract

For greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by Beijing economy 2007, a concrete emission inventory covering carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) is presented and associated with an input-output analysis to reveal the local GHG embodiment in final demand and trade without regard to imported emissions. The total direct GHG emissions amount to 1.06E + 08 t CO2-eq, of which energy-related CO2 emissions comprise 90.49%, non-energy-related CO2 emissions 6.35%, CH4 emissions 2.33%, and N2O emissions 0.83%, respectively. In terms of energy-related CO2 emissions, the largest source is coal with a percentage of 53.08%, followed by coke with 10.75% and kerosene with 8.44%. Sector 26 (Construction Industry) holds the top local emissions embodied in final demand of 1.86E + 07 t CO2-eq due to its considerable capital, followed by energy-intensive Sectors 27 (Transport and Storage) and 14 (Smelting and Pressing of Ferrous and Nonferrous Metals). The GHG emissions embodied in Beijing's exports are 4.90E + 07 t CO2-eq, accounting for 46.01% of the total emissions embodied in final demand. The sound scientific database totally based on local emissions is an important basis to make effective environment and energy policies for local decision makers.

Inventory of CO2 emissions driven by energy consumption in Hubei Province: a time-series energy input-output analysis

“…As shown in Table 1, Q 1 represents inter-industrial flows, Q 2 stands for final use (GDP with expenditure approach), Q 3 is half the value added (GDP with income approach), and Q 0 represents the fuel-related direct CO 2 emissions (Guo et al, 2012a).…”

“…A huge body of literature exists that evaluates carbon emissions at sub-national scale, especially in provincial regions (e.g., Guo et al, 2012a;Wang et al, 2013a;Ge and Lei, 2014;Zhang et al, 2014b). For instance, Guo et al (2012b) compiled an inventory of CO 2 emissions induced by the fossil combustion of the Beijing economy in 2007 and found that total direct CO 2 emissions amounted to 9.45E + 07 t, within which 56.81% were released from coal combustion.…”

Carbon emissions from fossil fuel consumption of Beijing in 2012

“…To properly distribute the responsibility for reducing carbon emissions, some studies focused further on Beijing's consumption-based carbon emissions. These studies applied either a single region input-output analysis (SRIO) method [6,7] or a multi-regional input-output analysis (MRIO) method with Beijing represented as a Chinese region or a municipality [8][9][10][11][12][13]. Both methods have advantages and disadvantages.…”

“…In the SRIO studies of Beijing, the carbon emission embodied in imports is usually ignored [7]. A few studies have assumed that the imported product has the same carbon emission as the local product, and the emissions avoided by imports have been calculated [6].…”

Embodied cultivated land use in China 1987–2007

“…The methodology provides a quantitative solution to represent the sectoral embodied ecological flows along with their economic counterparts based on the physical balance (Chen and Chen, 2011a). Resource uses and environmental emissions based on IOA have been quantified in different categories, such as energy consumption, water use, land use and greenhouse gas emissions Guo and Chen, 2013;Guo et al, 2012a;Han et al, 2013;Ji et al, 2013;Peters, 2008;Weinzettel et al, 2013;Wiedmann, 2009). Especially, land use assessment based on IOA can be dated back to 1998, when Bicknell et al (1998) proposed the method and applied it to New Zealand.…”