Energy Drinks

Pennington, Nicole; Johnson, M D; Delaney, Elizabeth; Blankenship, Mary Beth

doi:10.1177/1059840510374188

Cited by 48 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Approximately 15.3% person claim dehydrating effect of energy drinks on their body which was consistent with past studies [4,19]. It may be due to the fact that there were serious consequences when a person substitute energy drinks for water during strenuous physical activity, this is because caffeine act as diuretic agent and it removes extra fluid from the body therefore if a person consume it while sweating, and it will result in severe dehydration [4].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Assessment of pattern for consumption and awareness regarding energy drinks among medical students

et al. 2013

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BackgroundEnergy drink is a type of beverage which contains stimulant drugs chiefly caffeine and marketed as mental and physical stimulator. Coffee, tea, soft drinks and other caffeinated beverages are not considered as energy drinks. Purpose of our study was to evaluate the awareness of medical students regarding energy drinks and their pattern and reason of energy drinks consumption.MethodsThis was a cross sectional and observational study conducted during the period of January – December 2012 at four Medical Colleges (Dow Medical College, Sindh Medical College, Jinnah Medical College and Liaquat National Medical College) of Karachi, Pakistan. Over all 900 M.B.B.S students were invited to participate after taking written consent but viable questionnaire was submitted by 866 students, estimated response rate of 96%. All data was entered and analyzed through SPSS version 19.ResultOut of 866 participants, majority were females 614 (70.9%) and only 252 (28.5%) were males, with a mean age of 21.43 ± 1.51 years. Energy drinks users were 350 (42.89%) and non users were 516 (59.58%). Only 102 (29.3%) users and 159 (30.7%) non users know the correct definition of Energy drinks. Regarding awareness, mostly user and non users thought that usage of energy drinks had been on rise due to its usefulness in reducing sleep hours [users193 (43.9%), nonusers 247 (56.1%) (p < 0.05)], for studying or completing major projects [users184 (45.0%), nonusers 225 (55.0%) (p < 0.05)] and for refreshment purposes [users179 (44.9%), nonusers 220 (55.1%) (p < 0.05)]. Two main reasons of not using energy drinks by non-users were “awareness from its side effects” 247 (47.8%) and “have no specific reason” 265 (51.3%). Most common side effects reported by users were fatigue 111 (31.7%) and weight gain 102 (29.4%).ConclusionIn sum, the fact that despite serious side effects of weight gaining and fatigue, practice of consuming energy drinks is highly prevalent among medical students, particularly because they are ever ready to boost their energy level and reduce sleep hours due to stress of exams and projects. This warrants the creation of continued public health awareness about the appropriate use of caffeinated beverages, their potential benefits, side effects and correction of wrong perceptions.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Assessment of pattern for consumption and awareness regarding energy drinks among medical students

et al. 2013

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“…When presenting their data, several authors fail to acknowledge that correlations between energy drink and alcohol consumption do not provide any cause-and-effect relationship 50,51. Instead, they describe the “high” risk of combined use of energy drinks and alcohol52 as “a growing problem”3 or “a new hazard for adolescents”,53 without providing supportive scientific evidence, or they simply copy the conclusions of other authors without having a closer look at the methodology of the surveys and the way the data were analyzed and presented 54. This way of presenting and interpreting scientific data may raise unsubstantiated concerns among consumers and parents about the use of energy drinks (alone or in combination with alcohol) and may actually trigger unjustified regulations in the absence of appropriate data.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This way of presenting and interpreting scientific data may raise unsubstantiated concerns among consumers and parents about the use of energy drinks (alone or in combination with alcohol) and may actually trigger unjustified regulations in the absence of appropriate data. Some recent reviews have copied the conclusions of these authors, summarizing the data and its interpretation as offered by the authors that conducted these studies, draw unjustified conclusions, or present recommendations for legislation that are not supported by the available scientific data 53–55…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy drinks mixed with alcohol: misconceptions, myths, and facts

Verster¹,

Aufricht²,

Alford³

2012

IJGM

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BackgroundWhilst energy drinks improve performance and feelings of alertness, recent articles suggest that energy drink consumption combined with alcohol may reduce perception of alcohol intoxication, or lead to increased alcohol or drug use. This review discusses the available scientific evidence on the effects of mixing energy drinks with alcohol.MethodsA literature search was performed using the keywords “energy drink and Red Bull®” and consulting Medline/Pubmed, PsycINFO, and Embase.ResultsThere is little evidence that energy drinks antagonize the behavioral effects of alcohol, and there is no consistent evidence that energy drinks alter the perceived level of intoxication of people who mix energy drinks with alcohol. No clinically relevant cardiovascular or other adverse effects have been reported for healthy subjects combining energy drinks with alcohol, although there are no long-term investigations currently available. Finally, whilst several surveys have shown associations, there is no direct evidence that coadministration of energy drinks increases alcohol consumption, or initiates drug and alcohol dependence or abuse.ConclusionAlthough some reports suggest that energy drinks lead to reduced awareness of intoxication and increased alcohol consumption, a review of the available literature shows that these views are not supported by direct or reliable scientific evidence. A personality with higher levels of risk-taking behavior may be the primary reason for increased alcohol and drug abuse per se. The coconsumption of energy drinks being one of the many expressions of that type of lifestyle and personality.

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“…National Institute on Drug Abuse, 2010). Using prior research (Malinauskas, Aeby, Overton, Carpenter-Aeby, & Barber-Heidal, 2007; Pennington et al, 2010), we developed a list of 8 consequences of energy drink use (see Table 1) and asked participants to select those they had experienced. A modified item from the Substance Abuse Outcomes Module (Booth, Kirchner, Fortney, Ross, & Rost, 2000; Smith et al, 2006; Smith Jr. et al, 1996) asked about medical visits due to combined use.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The consumption of caffeinated energy drinks among adolescents and emerging adults, a group targeted by marketing of energy drinks (Heckman, Sherry, & De Mejia, 2010) has become a public health concern (Pennington, Johnson, Delaney, & Blankenship, 2010; Pomeranz, Munsell, & Harris, 2013; Sepkowitz, 2013). Emergency Department (ED) visits related to energy drink use doubled from 2007–2011, with 20,783 visits in 2011; 42% were accounted for by 12–25 year-olds (Substance Abuse and Mental Health Service Administration, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alcohol and energy drink use among adolescents seeking emergency department care

Bonar

Cunningham

Polshkova

et al. 2015

Addictive Behaviors

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Emergency Department (ED) visits due to energy drinks rose drastically from 2007 to 2011. Consuming alcohol mixed with energy drinks by young people is particularly concerning. Among youth (ages 14–20) in the ED reporting past-year alcohol use, we assessed frequency, reasons, and medical consequences of consuming alcohol and energy drinks in the same beverage or on the same occasion, and relationships with other risk behaviors. The sample included 439 youth (Mage=18.6 years, SD=1.4; 41% male; 73% Caucasian): those who drank alcohol, but not energy drinks (Non-users; 41%, n=178), those who drank alcohol and energy drinks on separate occasions (Separate; 23%, n=103), and those who combined alcohol and energy drinks in the same beverage or on the same occasion (Combined; 36%, n=158). Common reasons for combining energy drinks and alcohol were hiding the flavor of alcohol (39%) and liking the taste (36%). Common consequences were feeling jittery (71%) and trouble sleeping (46%). Combined users had the highest rates of risk behaviors (e.g., drug use, sexual risk behaviors, driving after drinking) and alcohol use severity. Multinomial logistic regression indicated that men, those who had sex after substance use, those who had used drugs, and those with higher alcohol severity were more likely to be Combined users than Non-Users. Those with higher alcohol severity were also more likely to be Combined users than Separate users. Combining energy drinks and alcohol is associated with higher rates of other risk behaviors among young drinkers. Future studies are needed to determine longitudinal relationships of energy drink use on substance use problem trajectories.

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Energy Drinks

Cited by 48 publications

References 22 publications

Assessment of pattern for consumption and awareness regarding energy drinks among medical students

Assessment of pattern for consumption and awareness regarding energy drinks among medical students

Energy drinks mixed with alcohol: misconceptions, myths, and facts

Alcohol and energy drink use among adolescents seeking emergency department care

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