Energy, economic, and environmental assessment of the integrated production of palm oil biodiesel and sugarcane ethanol

Assessment of the sustainability and economic potential of hydrotreated vegetable oils to complement diesel and biodiesel blends in Brazil

“…This information was divided into: Life‐cycle emissions herein considered GWP (gCO 2 /MJ) from well to tank, therefore excluding from life cycle scope end‐use (combustion emissions), and final disposal stages 33 Exhaust emissions, or tail‐pipe combustion emissions, comprehend the Tank‐to‐Wheel scope for the life cycle emissions, involving not only CO 2 emissions, but nitrogen oxides, particulate matter, carbon monoxide, and total hydrocarbons. Use of resources, measured in terms of the net energy ratio (NER) parameter, which defines the ratio between total energy production and total energy input 34 . Therefore, 1/NER refers to the amount of energy, or resources, used to produce each fuel.…”

“…• Use of resources, measured in terms of the net energy ratio (NER) parameter, which defines the ratio between total energy production and total energy input. 34 Therefore, 1/ NER refers to the amount of energy, or resources, used to produce each fuel. This was also used to compare fuels.…”

Life Cycle Analysis of Succinic Acid Production in the Brazilian Biorefinery Context

“…The sugarcane plantation inventory was taken from the Ecoinvent 3 database. The juice extraction stage was taken from the study carried out by Ocampo Battle [26]. The industrial process starts with the passage of the sugarcane juice added to a recycle stream through a sterilizer, where the temperature is raised to 134 • C and then reduced to 30 • C. The stream is directed to the fermenter, where the microorganism S. cerevisiae is used, because of its robustness at a lower pH.…”

“…The state has an annual production of 420 million tons of sugarcane [33], which generates sufficient output to supply the process demand within a radius of 30 km. The transportation and milling steps was taken from Ocampo Batlle et al [26]. The SA production plant is annexed to a sugar and ethanol mill, which is supplied by the bagasse used in a cogeneration system.…”

Valorisation of glycerol through catalytic hydrogenolysis routes for sustainable production of value-added C3 chemicals: current and future trends

“…Future work on conducting rigorous “Integrated Economic, Environmental, and Energy” assessment (3Es) is required to further provide a bigger picture of the frontier of glycerol biorefineries. 302,303 These assessments provide decision makers in the commercialization process with feasibility data in determining the most favourable pathways and also suggesting the future research direction, challenges, and debottlenecking of the biorefinering technologies. 304…”