Energy-economic life cycle assessment (LCA) and greenhouse gas emissions analysis of olive oil production in Iran

Rajaeifar, Mohammad Ali; Akram, Asadollah; Ghobadian, Barat; Rafiee, Shahin; Heidari, Mohammad Davoud

doi:10.1016/j.energy.2013.12.059

Cited by 98 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…There are few LCA studies reported in the literature examining the global warming impact associated with the EVOO supply chain [21][22][23][24]. Even though the selection of the FU and the application of the LCA methodology is coherent with the standards [26][27][28], none of these studies is similar in considering the system boundaries or the assumptions undertaken to quantify the input and the output material flows.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They illustrate and compare multiple scenarios for different impact categories, including the land use, fossil fuel consumption, acidification, eutrophication and the impact on climate change and on human health. More recently, Rajaeifar et al [23] assessed the Iranian EVOO production system over the economic, energetic and environmental perspectives and proposed an econometric model to identify the leverage of the olive crop yield (i.e., between human labor and electricity) and the leverage of the GHG emissions (i.e., between electricity and fertilizers). Rinaldi et al [24] extend the system boundaries of the LCA methodology and analyze an Italian EVOO supply chain, including the crop, oil processing and bottling phases, the distribution and the EOL activities by reporting the associated carbon footprint and energy footprint.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Glass vs. Plastic: Life Cycle Assessment of Extra-Virgin Olive Oil Bottles across Global Supply Chains

2015

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Abstract:The environmental impacts of global food supply chains are growing with the need for their measurement and management. This paper explores the operations of a global supply chain for extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO) according to a life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology. The LCA assessment methodology is applied to determine the environmental impact categories associated with the bottled EVOO life cycle, focusing on packaging decisions. The proposed analysis identifies the greatest environmental stressors of the EVOO supply chain, thereby supporting strategic and operative decisions toward more efficient and environmentally-friendly operations management and packaging choices. This paper quantifies the environmental categories of the impacts of global warming potential, ozone layer depletion, non-renewable energy use, acidification, eutrophication and photochemical smog, for the observed EVOO supply chain, given alternative packaging configurations, i.e., a glass bottle vs. a plastic bottle. The observed system includes the supply of EVOO, the EVOO processing and bottling, the supply of packaging, the distribution of final products to customers, the end-of-life (EOL) treatments regarding the management, recycling and the disposal of waste across a global supply chain. The findings from the LCA highlight the potential of PET bottles in reducing the environmental impact of EVOO supply chains and identifies hotspots of discussion for policy-makers, EVOO producers and consumers.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glass vs. Plastic: Life Cycle Assessment of Extra-Virgin Olive Oil Bottles across Global Supply Chains

2015

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“…Possibly avoidable and unavoidable FL, instead, were reported in a higher amount of studies in which they implied a relevant reduction of the output compared to the raw ingredient used (e.g. Coltro et al, 2006;Manfredi and Vignali, 2014;Rajaeifar et al, 2014;R€ o€ os et al, 2011). These kinds of losses are strictly related with the type of food and the type of processing and are less dependent from the efficiency of the process.…”

Section: Food Loss At the Food Processing Stagementioning

confidence: 92%

“…Gonz alez-García et al, 2013;Rajaeifar et al, 2014), economic allocation (e.g. Ayer et al, 2007;Hospido et al, 2003), or impact allocated entirely to the functional unit (e.g.…”

Section: Recovery Of Food Loss In Industrial Ecology Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling of food loss within life cycle assessment: From current practice towards a systematisation

Corrado

Ardente

Sala

et al. 2017

Journal of Cleaner Production

128

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a b s t r a c tFood loss is a major concern from both environmental and social point of view. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) has been largely applied to quantify the environmental impact of food and to identify pros and cons of different options for optimisation of food systems management, including the recovery of potential waste occurring along the supply chain. However, within LCA case studies, there is still a general lack of proper accounting of food losses. A discrepancy both in food loss definition and in the approaches adopted to model the environmental burden of food loss has been observed. These aspects can lead to misleading and, sometimes, contrasting results, limiting the reliability of LCA as a decision support tool for assessing food production systems. This article aims, firstly, at providing a preliminary analysis on how the modelling of food loss has been conducted so far in LCA studies. Secondly, it suggests a definition for food loss to be adopted. Finally, the article investigates the consequence of using such definition and it proposes potential paths for the development of a common methodological framework to increase the robustness and comparability of the LCA studies. It discusses the strengths and weaknesses of the different approaches adopted to account for food loss along the food supply chain: primary production, transport and storage, food processing, distribution, consumption and end of life. It is also proposed to account separately between avoidable, possibly avoidable and unavoidable food loss by means of specific indicators. Finally, some recommendations for LCA practitioners are provided on how to deal with food loss in LCA studies focused on food products. The most relevant recommendations concern: i) the systematic accounting of food loss generated along the food supply chain; ii) the modelling of waste treatments according to the specific characteristics of food; iii) the sensitivity analysis on the modelling approaches adopted to model multi-functionality; and iv) the need of transparency in describing the modelling of food loss generation and management.

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“…For example, CO 2 discharged from various electricity-generation activities (e.g., power plant, storage hydroelectric plant, or biomass power plant) can be influenced by some uncertain events (e.g., emission limitation), which may fluctuate time to time [16,17]. Meanwhile, errors in estimated modeling parameters (e.g., economic penalty) could be possible sources of uncertainties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

A dynamic model to optimize municipal electric power systems by considering carbon emission trading under uncertainty

Zhu

Huang

et al. 2015

Energy

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Energy-economic life cycle assessment (LCA) and greenhouse gas emissions analysis of olive oil production in Iran

Cited by 98 publications

References 35 publications

Glass vs. Plastic: Life Cycle Assessment of Extra-Virgin Olive Oil Bottles across Global Supply Chains

Glass vs. Plastic: Life Cycle Assessment of Extra-Virgin Olive Oil Bottles across Global Supply Chains

Modelling of food loss within life cycle assessment: From current practice towards a systematisation

A dynamic model to optimize municipal electric power systems by considering carbon emission trading under uncertainty

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