Energy efficiency and consumption — the rebound effect — a survey

Greening, Lorna A.; Greene, David L.; Difiglio, Carmen

doi:10.1016/s0301-4215(00)00021-5

Cited by 1,644 publications

(943 citation statements)

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“…They find the direct effect alone to be close to 100% in many cases. Wide variation in elasticity of demand for space heating due to income level is possibly the explanation for the results from both the US and in Austria from the previous section (Greening et al, 2000;Haas and Biermayr, 2000). High income households in developed countries are likely to set the temperature at the optimum comfort level, regardless of the cost, therefore any cost reduction does not result in increased heating as the temperature was already optimal.…”

Section: Evidence Of the Direct Effectmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…The influential survey of US rebound effect studies by Greening et al (2000) provides a good starting point for this review. A summary of this survey is presented in Table 3.2, which shows a large range of results for direct rebound effect estimates both within and between energy services.…”

Section: Evidence Of the Direct Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For now, this issue can be put to one side to be revisited later. Berkhout et al (2000) and Greening et al (2000) laid the foundation of the three tier classification of component effects that make up the total rebound effect -the direct effect, indirect effect and economy-wide effect. Although the three tier model is widely accepted, the definition, relative magnitude and importance of each component effect are in doubt (Hertwich, 2005).…”

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confidence: 99%

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The Remarkable Environmental Rebound Effect of Electric Cars: A Microeconomic Approach

Vivanco

Freire‐González

Kemp

et al. 2014

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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The main objective of the thesis is to seek insights into the theory, and provide empirical evidence of rebound effects. Rebound effects reduce the environmental benefits of environmental policies and household behaviour changes. In particular, win-win demand side measures, in the form of energy efficiency and household consumption pattern changes, are seen as ways for households and businesses to save money and the environment. However, these savings have environmental impacts when spent, which are known as rebound effects. This is an area that has been widely neglected by policy makers.This work extends the rebound effect literature in three important ways, (1) it incorporates the potential for variation of rebound effects with household income level, (2) it enables the isolation of direct and indirect effects for cases of energy efficient technology adoption, and examines the relationship between these two component effects, and (3) it expands the scope of rebound effect analysis to include government taxes and subsidies. MACROBUTTON HTMLDirectUsing a case study approach it is found that the rebound effect from household consumption pattern changes targeted at electricity is between 5 and 10%. For consumption pattern changes with reduced vehicle fuel use, the rebound effect is in the order of 20 to 30%. Higher income households in general are found to have a lower total rebound effect; however the indirect effect becomes relatively more significant at higher household income levels. In the win-lose case of domestic photovoltaic electricity generation, it is demonstrated that negative rebound effects can occur, which can potentially amplify the environmental benefits of this action.The rebound effect from a carbon tax, which occurs due to the re-spending of raised revenues, was found to be in the range of 11-32%. Taxes and transfers between households of different income levels also have environmental implications. For example, a more progressive tax structure, with increased low income welfare payments is likely to increase greenhouse gas emissions. Subsidies aimed at encouraging environmentally friendly consumption habits are also subject to rebound effects, as they constitute a substitution of government expenditure for household expenditure. For policy makers, these findings point to the need to incorporate rebound effects in the environmental policy evaluation process.' KeywordsRebound effect, demand side management, direct rebound effect, indirect rebound effect, greenhouse gas emissions, CO 2 , household consumption patterns, efficiency, energy, conservation, natural resources. The energy and emissions produced at other stages of the production chain outside of the household scope. vi List of Tables and +/-is efficiency net effect minus the conservation net effect with negative values in parentheses). 66 Table 5.5: Rebound effects at mean and median total expenditure levels for separated fuel efficiency case (indirect reduction is the efficiency indirect rebound minus the conservation indir...

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Section: Evidence Of the Direct Effectmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Evidence Of the Direct Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Remarkable Environmental Rebound Effect of Electric Cars: A Microeconomic Approach

Vivanco

Freire‐González

Kemp

et al. 2014

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…But we can expect similar rebound effects when the use of other inputs, like raw materials, becomes more efficient. 7 Other effects include implications for technological change and investment in a dynamic setting (Greening et al, 2000) or time use rebound effects (Jalas, 2002). …”

Section: Rebound Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Empirical studies of the direct rebound mainly cover automotive transport, household heating and cooling in OECD countries. They estimate that usually between 10 and 30 percent of energy savings derived from more efficient technology are offset by the direct rebound effect (Greening, et al, 2000;Sorrell et al, 2009). …”

Section: Rebound Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Industrial Ecology in Policy Making: What is Achievable and What is Not?

Pothen

2010

SSRN Journal

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Delay‐induced rebounds in CO₂ emissions and critical time‐scales to meet global warming targets

2016

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While climate science debates are focused on the attainment of peak anthropogenic CO 2 emissions and policy tools to reduce peak temperatures, the human-energy-climate system can hold "rebound" surprises beyond this peak. Following the second industrial revolution, global per capita CO 2 emissions (c c ) experienced a punctuated growth of about 100% every 60 years, mainly attributable to technological development and its global spread. A model of the human-energy-climate system capable of reproducing past punctuated dynamics shows that rebounds in global CO 2 emissions emerge due to delays intrinsic to the diffusion of innovations. Such intrinsic delays in the adoption and spread of low-carbon emitting technologies, together with projected population growth, upset the warming target set by the Paris Agreement. To avoid rebounds and their negative climate effects, model calculations show that the diffusion of climate-friendly technologies must occur with lags one-order of magnitude shorter (i.e., ∼6 years) than the characteristic timescale of past punctuated growth in c c . Radically new strategies to globally implement the technological advances at unprecedented rates are needed if the current emission goals are to be achieved.

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Energy efficiency and consumption — the rebound effect — a survey

Cited by 1,644 publications

References 47 publications

The Remarkable Environmental Rebound Effect of Electric Cars: A Microeconomic Approach

The Remarkable Environmental Rebound Effect of Electric Cars: A Microeconomic Approach

Industrial Ecology in Policy Making: What is Achievable and What is Not?

Delay‐induced rebounds in CO₂ emissions and critical time‐scales to meet global warming targets

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Energy efficiency and consumption — the rebound effect — a survey

Cited by 1,644 publications

References 47 publications

The Remarkable Environmental Rebound Effect of Electric Cars: A Microeconomic Approach

The Remarkable Environmental Rebound Effect of Electric Cars: A Microeconomic Approach

Industrial Ecology in Policy Making: What is Achievable and What is Not?

Delay‐induced rebounds in CO2 emissions and critical time‐scales to meet global warming targets

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Product

Resources

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Delay‐induced rebounds in CO₂ emissions and critical time‐scales to meet global warming targets