Energy Efficiency Monitoring in Textile Industries to Achieve GHG Emissions Reduction Target in Indonesia

Abstract

Modelling is used to provide an outlook and evaluate scenarios related to energy efficiency potentials from end-user in various sectors including industrial sectors. The modelling tools used ExSS (Extended Snap Shot) and GAMS (General Algebraic Modelling System) as solver. Three scenarios were developed to envision Indonesia paths in energy savings potentials, namely business as usual (BaU or baseline) and two counter measure scenarios (CM 1 and CM2). Base year was set to year 2010, in line with NDC scenarios and projection. In the baseline scenario, it is assumed that in the future years (after 2010) there were no increase in renewable energy utilisation and rise in electricity demands would be provided by coal and natural gas fired power plants. The economic structures that were incorporated in the model for the target year 2030, was assumed to be have the same value as that of 2010’s. Accordingly, structures of energy demand in end-user sectors would not change from 2010. There would be no changes in share of transportation modes. Similarly of efficiency of equipment in household, commercial and industrial sector were also indifferent to that of the 2010 values. CM1 was developed to envision the development path to achieve energy savings through the implementation of more efficient energy technology in end-user. More efficient equipment or best available technology (BAT) were expected to be implemented in various sectors, however the penetration in industry was still 5% less than other sectors (household, commercial and transportation). At this rate, BAT penetration for household, commercial and transportation sectors could reach as high as 20%. CM2 was set to be more advanced in implementing the BAT. As much as 10% increased in BAT penetration was projected to be realised in each of end use sector, i.e., household, commercial and transportation. Although, the BAT penetration in industry sector was still 5% less than others, the BAT could rise up to 25% for industry and 30% for non-industrial sectors. Parallel with this measure, biofuel demands would also increase to 10% by force of strictly implementing regulation. Baseline scenario estimates of the total final energy demand has increased by 2.5 times, from 143,747 ktoe in 2010 to 364,627 ktoe in 2030. The associated GHG emission from the related energy consumption in 2030 was estimated to be around 1,642,009 Gg CO2e, which was higher by almost 4 times the GHG emission level in 2010 (416,530 Gg CO2e).

Energy Efficiency Improvement Opportunities in Indian Textile Industries

“…Implementation of the measures have resulted in 30% decrease in the energy consumption [34]. Retno G.Dewi et al have investigated that mitigating the factors incurred by combined heat systems, lightings, compressed air systems, motor systems, boilers, process integration, steam distribution systems will decrease the energy use for the selected textile industry [35]. After identifying the opportunities for improving the energy efficiency, the suggested measures required are discussed in the following section.…”

“…Retno G.Dewi at al. has identified that the stream distribution lines have to be insulated well along with correctly placed steam traps [35]. Steam trap selection is the major keyway for uninterrupted operation [43].…”

Procedure of the replacement of fossil fuels for thermal heat supply by regional renewable energies exemplary for textile companies in Indonesia

“…A study commissioned by the Indonesian government confirms that energy efficiency measures which can be undertaken in the short term can result in a 30% reduction in energy consumption. At 80%, the greatest potential for savings resides in the most energy-intensive processes of "textile finishing" (wet and dry finishing, the process of dyeing and equipment with functionalities) and in the use of more efficient machinery equipment along the entire textile production line [4]. Political guidelines to increase energy efficiency in the industry (annual energy increase of 1% until 2025) along with government programmes for implementation of energy management systems in the textile industry are intended to relieve the emission burden of the Indonesian textile sector, with currently 14 Mt CO2eq of direct and 22 Mt CO2eq of indirect emissions in 2028 [4].…”

“…At 80%, the greatest potential for savings resides in the most energy-intensive processes of "textile finishing" (wet and dry finishing, the process of dyeing and equipment with functionalities) and in the use of more efficient machinery equipment along the entire textile production line [4]. Political guidelines to increase energy efficiency in the industry (annual energy increase of 1% until 2025) along with government programmes for implementation of energy management systems in the textile industry are intended to relieve the emission burden of the Indonesian textile sector, with currently 14 Mt CO2eq of direct and 22 Mt CO2eq of indirect emissions in 2028 [4]. To comply with international climate agreements, Indonesia aims to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions from 1990 levels by 29% by 2030 (UNFCCC) and to nearly double the share of electricity generated from renewable sources to 23% by 2025 (2017: 12.5%).…”