Energy Efficiency of Enterprises as a Key Factor in the Development of the Country's Economy

Abstract

The transition to alternative energy sources requires a long period, attracting significant investments in the process of creating and developing environmentally friendly fuels. Creating an environmentally safe, energy-efficient economy is a prerequisite for sustainable development of each country. The above-mentioned factors determine the relevance of the study of the problems of the functioning and development of energy, which is mainly due to the economic expediency of renewable energy and the requirements of the country's energy independence. The objective of the article is to determine the features of ensuring the energy efficiency of the Ukrainian economy using alternative energy sources. Research shows that the development of alternative energy will allow us to move away from the use of traditional fuels and create the prerequisites for the energy independence of countries. Taking into account the natural factors and the significant dependence of Ukraine on imported primary energy sources, it is determined that solving the problem of increasing energy efficiency of the economy is possible only with the stimulation of the use of alternative energy sources. The most promising sources of energy are identified, namely: biofuels, wind energy, geothermal energy, solar energy, solar thermal, controlled thermonuclear fusion, energy of tides and effluents. The recommendations for realization of such directions of the policy of the state regulation in the energy sphere as energy security, energy efficiency, energy saving are given.

Issues of competitiveness and results of clustering of the cotton sector entities in Uzbekistan: a review

“…The cluster phenomenon is becoming a key component of the economic development of countries and regions. In the USA, Great Britain, France, Germany and other developed countries, more than half of the industrial output is produced and exported through clusters [10,12,15].…”

“…The authors understand a regional cluster as a group of interconnected companies and organizations localized in the region that interact with each other in the production and sale of goods and services within a single value chain E3S Web of Conferences 258, 06070 (2021) UESF-2021 https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125806070 to achieve a specific economic effect and realize the competitive advantages of a given territory. Unlike other forms of territorial organization of the economy, the cluster is distinguished by market interaction between the participants of the cluster association, based on competition and cooperation, the ability to adapt to changing environmental conditions [15]. Clusters are formed in a market economy, when enterprises are interested in strengthening their competitive advantages and in getting more profit from joint activities in a certain territory.…”

“…In some cases, the cluster is considered as a governing body or a superstructure over the subjects included in the cluster for economic reasons. Western practice proves the opposite, that is, a cluster is a set of cooperating, but at the same time competing enterprises, connected by horizontal and vertical ties, formed on the basis of an institutional factor and jointly using economic institutions through contractual mechanisms [15,17]. In the cluster, the focus of the search for competitive advantages is shifted to external factors of the institutional level, such as public-private partnership, social capital, synergistic effect, cooperation between the state, business, science and education, which leads to an additional competitive effect [17].…”