“…The simple implementation, clear mechanism and quick convergence properties make PSO a widely applicable technique for solving many optimization problems. PSO is used in solving the WSN routing challenge, in many works, for example, Li et al (2012) , Panigrahi et al (2013) , Elhabyan & Yagoub (2015) , Obaidy & Ayesh (2015) , Ma & Xu (2015) , RejinaParvin & Vasanthanayaki (2015) , Yang et al (2016) , Zhou, Wang & Xiang (2016) , Yang, Liu & cao (2017) , Wang et al (2019) , Ruan & Huang (2019) , Nigam & Dabas (2018) , Gao, Luo & Ma (2019) .…”