Energy efficient clustering and secure routing using reinforcement learning for three‐dimensional mobile
            <i>ad hoc</i>
            networks

Muneeswari, B.; Manikandan, M. Sabarimalai

doi:10.1049/iet-com.2018.6150

Cited by 15 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) are evolving for real-time implementation in numerous fields of military and civilian. MANETs consist of nodes that on request, freely and arbitrarily organize a complex and temporary network topology without any infrastructure support [1], [2]. The ability of MANETs to cover a large transmission area to forward information from one node to another using multiple hops; make it suitable for deployment in the event of an emergency and natural disasters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Notice of Violation of IEEE Publication Principles: Clustering Schemes in MANETs: Performance Evaluation, Open Challenges, and Proposed Solutions

2020

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Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) have recently received a lot of attention from researchers due to their ease of deployment and versatility. Clustering is one of the most efficient ways to coordinate routing in MANETs to improve network performance using different attributes and metrics. In this paper, the authors have extensively studied clustering schemes and divided the schemes into multiple types based on the Cluster Head (CH) selection criteria, which provides a good understanding of how each type of clustering algorithm differs from each other. The authors analyzed the performance of existing schemes based on the quality of service (QoS) metrics. Based on findings, the authors clarified some important tradeoffs between QoS metrics and also established some important factors influencing the efficiency of clustering schemes. These studies also contain open research challenges and proposed solutions to improve the performance of clustering schemes. INDEX TERMS Clustering, cluster head, MANETs, protocol and schemes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Notice of Violation of IEEE Publication Principles: Clustering Schemes in MANETs: Performance Evaluation, Open Challenges, and Proposed Solutions

2020

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“…Muneeswari and Manikandan [31] suggested a new 3D-MANET routing scheme based on the reinforcement learning algorithm. The indicators considered in this scheme are delay between nodes, the distance between nodes, node stability, node mobility, and node connectivity.…”

Section: Related Work Network Performance Evaluation Hasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance Study and Optimization of 3D-MANET: A New Analytical Perspective Based on Zipf’s Law

Cheng

Liu

2022

Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing

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This paper studies the throughput capacity and delay scaling laws in a three-dimensional mobile ad hoc network (3D-MANET) under different routing schemes. Previous work generally assumed that nodes follow a uniform distribution or a power-law distribution to move in the network. From the perspective of the entire network, it is difficult for this network model to reflect communication entities’ distribution in real 3D space. Moreover, the research results of analyzing network performance using different routing schemes are limited, and the research work is insufficient. With formerly related studies different,we propose a cell-gridded network model that considers the actual environment with cells of the node aggregation degree, which follows Zipf’s law with exponent γ . And our model can cover a variety of distribution scenarios with changes in the γ value. The packet delivery rate, network capacity, and delay performance of 3D-MANET adopting the traditional two-hop nonredundant and redundant relay routing scheme are examined utilizing theoretical tools such as probability theory, random process, and queuing theory. We propose a wireless access point- (WAP-) enabled multihop relay routing scheme. By deploying WAP in cells with a high γ , nodes can access WAP and broadcast packets, which accelerates the delivery of packets, and the results obtained by applying this scheme indicate that compared with the two-hop relay scheme, the WAP multihop relay effectively improves the delay performance and the transmission efficiency with less loss of capacity performance. Additionally, a better delay-capacity trade-off performance is achieved. Finally, we discuss the influence of parameters such as the number of network nodes n , the number of network cells m , the redundancy r , and γ on the capacity and delay. The analysis results confirm that exploiting the users’ distribution status information and dividing the cells reasonably will save deployment costs and further improve network performance.

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“…Some of the reactive protocols are DSR, AODV (Sethuraman and Kannan, 2017), and so on. The hybrid protocol employs the features of both reactive and the pro-active protocols in which the zone routing protocol is one of the best examples for hybrid routing protocol (Muneeswari and Manikandan, 2019). With respect to dynamic topology, the reliable routing approach is needed for routing effectively in MANET.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimisation driven-based secure routing in MANET using atom whale optimisation algorithm

Halhalli¹,

Sugave

Jagdale

2021

IJCNDS

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Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) routing is a very challenging task because of the dynamic nature of the network. The linking of provisional communication assures based on the infrastructure of MANET, however, there is no centralised monitoring process for making the routing in MANETs in terms of trust and security. Therefore, the stability routing is not considered, which may break easily in dynamic MANETs. Thus, this paper introduces a trust-based secure routing protocol using the proposed atom whale optimisation algorithm (AWOA), which is the trust-aware routing protocol. The developed atom whale optimisation is utilised to select the optimal route with respect to the trust factors, like average encounter rate (AER), and successful cooperation frequency (SCF), integrity factor, and the forwarding rate. Moreover, secure routing is performed between the nodes using the proposed AWOA. The AWOA is the integration of atom search optimisation (ASO), and whale optimisation algorithm (WOA) that inherits the faster global convergence. The fitness function is newly modelled considering mobility, and trust factors. The proposed AWOA outperformed other methods with a minimal end-to-end delay of 0.0083 sec, maximal packet delivery ratio (PDR) of 97.73%, and the maximal throughput of 85.05% respectively.

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Energy efficient clustering and secure routing using reinforcement learning for three‐dimensional mobile ad hoc networks

Cited by 15 publications

References 31 publications

Notice of Violation of IEEE Publication Principles: Clustering Schemes in MANETs: Performance Evaluation, Open Challenges, and Proposed Solutions

Notice of Violation of IEEE Publication Principles: Clustering Schemes in MANETs: Performance Evaluation, Open Challenges, and Proposed Solutions

Performance Study and Optimization of 3D-MANET: A New Analytical Perspective Based on Zipf’s Law

Optimisation driven-based secure routing in MANET using atom whale optimisation algorithm

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