Energy efficient data centers

Tschudi, William; Xu, Tengfang; Sartor, Dale; Koomey, Jon; Nordman, Bruce; Sezgen, Osman

doi:10.2172/841561

Cited by 15 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…Percentage 2020 (% ) World 830 100 1430 100 Server farms/data centers 116 14 257 18 Telecom infrastructure and devices 307 37 358 25 PCs and peripherals 407 49 815 57 facilities (Greenberg et al, 2006;Tschudi et al, 2004;Tschudi et al, 2006;Tschudi et al, 2003). Green computing is the study and practice of using computing resources efficiently (Hart, 1997).…”

Section: Emissions 2020 Mtco2ementioning

confidence: 99%

Green Information Technology (IT) framework for energy efficient data centers using virtualization

Uddin¹

2012

Int. J. Phys. Sci.

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The increasing demand for storage, networking and computation has driven the escalation of large complex data centers, the massive server farms that run many of today's Internet, financial, commercial and business applications. A data center can comprise many thousands of servers and can use as much energy as a small city. The massive amounts of computation power required to drive these server systems results in many challenges like energy consumption, emission of green house gases, backups and recovery issues, etc. The rising costs of oil and global warming are some of the biggest challenges of today's world. The research proposed in this paper discusses how virtualization can be used to improve the performance and energy efficiency of data centers. To prove this work, Green Information Technology (IT) based framework is developed to seamlessly and securely divide data center components into different resource pools depending on different parameters like energy consumption ratio, utilization ratio, workloads, etc. The framework highlights the importance of implementing green metrics like power usage effectiveness (PUE) and data center effectiveness, and carbon emission calculator to measure the efficiency of data center in terms of energy utilization and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions. The framework is based on virtualization and cloud computing to increase the utilization ratio of already installed servers from 10% to more than 50%.

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Section: Emissions 2020 Mtco2ementioning

confidence: 99%

Green Information Technology (IT) framework for energy efficient data centers using virtualization

Uddin¹

2012

Int. J. Phys. Sci.

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“…While IAQ in buildings such and offices and residences can be associated with a plethora of potential health impacts for occupants, ranging from subtle irritation to life threatening complications, the effects of IAQ on data centers are essentially binary. Data center operators are wary of any airborne pollutants entering the data center and damaging the IT equipment in a way that could cause operation failure within the 3-5 year equipment lifetime (Tschudi et al, 2004). Many data centers are considered "mission critical" and interruptions in service can be financially catastrophic, with costs claimed to be as high as $30 million per minute of operation downtime during peak periods (Brown et al, 2007).…”

Section: Congress 2006)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Economizers reduce the data center cooling energy by replacing the air being returned to the air-conditioning unit with outside air when the outside temperature is below that of the air being removed from the zone. Concerns that economizers would increase indoor levels of particles of outdoor origin that may damage electronic equipment have hindered widespread implementation of this technology (Tschudi et al, 2004). ASHRAE Technical Committee 9.9, the trade organization that traditionally addresses issues of data center design and operation, has avoided making any recommendations about the application of outside air economizers until more research can be provided to either support or reject their use for data centers (Syska Hennessy Group, 2007).…”

Section: Dissertation Scopementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Under a business-asusual trajectory, data center electricity use in the US has been projected to double again by 2010, although energy efficiency practices have been identified that could begin to significantly reduce this continued growth rate (Brown et al, 2007). A substantial portion of the energy use in data centers is dedicated to cooling the computer equipment (Tschudi et al, 2004). The data-center cooling load can be reduced by a substantial fraction when large amounts of outside air are used to cool internal loads during favorable weather conditions (Sloan, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Economizer use is standard practice for many building types and even required by building codes in some regions (CEC, 2005). The use of economizers in data centers, however, has been hindered by perceived potential equipment reliability concerns associated with exposing IT equipment to outdoor particulate matter (PM) (Tschudi et al, 2004). Apprehension towards economizer implementation is exacerbated by the lack of an established level of particulate matter exposure considered safe for data center equipment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Energy Demands and Efficiency Strategies in Data Center Buildings

Shehabi

2009

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Information technology (IT) is becoming increasingly pervasive throughout society as more data is digitally processed, stored, and transferred. The infrastructure that supports IT activity is growing accordingly, and data center energy demands have increased by nearly a factor of four over the past decade. Data centers house IT equipment and require significantly more energy to operate per unit floor area than conventional buildings. The economic and environmental ramifications of continued data center growth motivate the need to explore energy-efficient methods to operate these buildings. A substantial portion of data center energy use is dedicated to removing the heat that is generated by the IT equipment. Using economizers to introduce large airflow rates of outside air during favorable weather could substantially reduce the energy consumption of data center cooling. Cooling buildings with economizers is an established energy saving measure, but in data centers this strategy is not widely used, 2 partly owing to concerns that the large airflow rates would lead to increased indoor levels of airborne particles, which could damage IT equipment. The environmental conditions typical of data centers and the associated potential for equipment failure, however, are not well characterized. This barrier to economizer implementation illustrates the general relationship between energy use and indoor air quality in building design and operation.This dissertation investigates how building design and operation influence energy use and indoor air quality in data centers and provides strategies to improve both design goals simultaneously.As an initial step toward understanding data center air quality, measurements of particle concentrations were made at multiple operating northern California data centers.Ratios of measured particle concentrations in conventional data centers to the corresponding outside concentrations were significantly lower than those reported in the literature for office or residential buildings. Estimates using a material-balance model match well with empirical results, indicating that the dominant particle sources and losses -ventilation and filtration -have been characterized. Measurements taken at a data center using economizers show nearly an order of magnitude increase in particle concentration during economizer activity. However, even with the increase, the measured particle concentrations are still below concentration limits recommended in most industry standards.The research proceeds by exploring the feasibility of using economizers in data centers while simultaneously controlling particle concentrations with high-quality air filtration. Physical and chemical properties of indoor and outdoor particles were analyzed at a data center using economizers and varying levels of air filtration efficiency. 3Results show that when improved filtration is used in combination with an economizer, the indoor/outdoor concentration ratios for most measured particle types were similar to the measurements when using...

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Determination of aerosol deliquescence and crystallization relative humidity for energy saving in free-cooled data centers

Ferrero

D'Angelo

Rovelli

et al. 2014

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

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This study examines an innovative application of the aerosol deliquescence and crystallization determination, for corrosion prevention and energy-saving strategies in free-cooled data centers. Aerosol deliquescence and crystallization were investigated by combining standardized aerosol sampling techniques (i.e. EN-14907) with the assessment of the electrical effects of aerosol, while varying relative humidity within a specially designed aerosol exposure chamber. Aerosol samples collected in the Po Valley (Northern Italy) were analysed; a clearly defined hysteresis cycle (deliquescence and crystallization at 60.5 ± 0.8 and 47.9 ± 0.7 % of RH, respectively) was found. Results were applied to a data center designed for the Italian National Oil and Gas Company, making it possible to identify a critical area for direct free cooling at this data center. As a result, aerosol hydration was avoided (thus preventing aerosol from damaging electrical components) and a large amount of energy saved (using free cooling instead of air-conditioning); the potential energy saving achieved in this way was 79 % (compared to the energy consumption of a traditional air-conditioning system): 215 GWh of energy was saved, and 78 fewer kt of equivalent CO 2 was emitted per year. Moreover, in order to evaluate whether a real-time estimation of the aerosol hydration state within a data center could be performed, measured deliquescence and crystallization were compared through simulations performed using three different models: two thermodynamic models for deliquescence and a parametric model for crystallization. The results obtained tend to converge in terms of deliquescence, whereas in the case of crystallization, they failed to effectively simulate experimental aerosol behaviour.

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Energy efficient data centers

Cited by 15 publications

References 0 publications

Green Information Technology (IT) framework for energy efficient data centers using virtualization

Green Information Technology (IT) framework for energy efficient data centers using virtualization

Energy Demands and Efficiency Strategies in Data Center Buildings

Determination of aerosol deliquescence and crystallization relative humidity for energy saving in free-cooled data centers

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