Energy-Efficient Gradient Time Synchronization for Wireless Sensor Networks

Apicharttrisorn, Kittipat; Choochaisri, Supasate; Intanagonwiwat, Chalermek

doi:10.1109/cicsyn.2010.14

Cited by 17 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…From these experimental results we conclude that the WICS protocol achieves both local as well as global clock synchronization. The accuracy of synchronization achieved in these experiments is comparable or better than that achieved in [4] for GTSP and EGTSP protocol using TelosB motes.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 41%

“…It is also claimed in [3] that it is not practicable to synchronize the clock of each node with respect to a reference node using the averaging technique. The protocol proposed in [4] is an improvement of the previous protocol [3], and it uses incremental averaging technique. Attempt has also been made to increase the synchronization interval to make the protocol more energy efficient.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The existing clock synchronization protocols for WSNs can be broadly classified into two categories, viz., internal and external clock synchronization [1]. In case of internal clock synchronization, the nodes either synchronize with each other in a peer-to-peer manner [2][3] [4] or synchronize with a reference node [5]. In case of external clock synchronization, it is difficult to synchronize the clock of each node of a WSN to external sources such as UTC directly due to high cost of resources required to achieve the same.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Weighted Average Based External Clock Synchronization Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks

Swain

Hansdah

2011

2011 31st International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems Workshops

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Clock synchronization is an extremely important requirement of wireless sensor networks(WSNs). There are many application scenarios such as weather monitoring and forecasting etc. where external clock synchronization may be required because WSN itself may consists of components which are not connected to each other. A usual approach for external clock synchronization in WSNs is to synchronize the clock of a reference node with an external source such as UTC, and the remaining nodes synchronize with the reference node using an internal clock synchronization protocol. In order to provide highly accurate time, both the offset and the drift rate of each clock with respect to reference node are estimated from time to time, and these are used for getting correct time from local clock reading. A problem with this approach is that it is difficult to estimate the offset of a clock with respect to the reference node when drift rate of clocks varies over a period of time. In this paper, we first propose a novel internal clock synchronization protocol based on weighted averaging technique, which synchronizes all the clocks of a WSN to a reference node periodically. We call this protocol weighted average based internal clock synchronization(WICS) protocol. Based on this protocol, we then propose our weighted average based external clock synchronization(WECS) protocol. We have analyzed the proposed protocols for maximum synchronization error and shown that it is always upper bounded. Extensive simulation studies of the proposed protocols have been carried out using Castalia simulator. Simulation results validate our theoretical claim that the maximum synchronization error is always upper bounded and also show that the proposed protocols perform better in comparison to other protocols in terms of synchronization accuracy. A prototype implementation of the proposed internal clock synchronization protocol using a few TelosB motes also validates our claim.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 41%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Weighted Average Based External Clock Synchronization Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks

Swain

Hansdah

2011

2011 31st International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems Workshops

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“…This leads to consumption of more energy in energy constrained sensor nodes. Since the global clock is updated in every broadcast period, global time computed by each node is a discrete time-series value, which can introduce errors in data interpretation [53].…”

Section: Gradient Time Synchronization Protocol (Gtsp)mentioning

confidence: 99%

A model for the classification and survey of clock synchronization protocols in WSNs

Swain

Hansdah

2015

Ad Hoc Networks

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“…† Supported by CU CP Academic Excellence Scholarship from Department of Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University. ‡ Corresponding Author (e.g., TPSN [5], FTSP [9], GTSP [16], and EGTSP [1]). However, some systems simply require nodes to work at the same time (e.g., Firefly Synchronicity [17]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Desynchronization with an artificial force field for wireless networks

Choochaisri

Apicharttrisorn

Korprasertthaworn

et al. 2012

SIGCOMM Comput. Commun. Rev.

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Desynchronization is useful for scheduling nodes to perform tasks at different time. This property is desirable for resource sharing, TDMA scheduling, and collision avoiding. Inspired by robotic circular formation, we propose DWARF (Desynchronization With an ARtificial Force field), a novel technique for desynchronization in wireless networks. Each neighboring node has artificial forces to repel other nodes to perform tasks at different time phases. Nodes with closer time phases have stronger forces to repel each other in the time domain. Each node adjusts its time phase proportionally to its received forces. Once the received forces are balanced, nodes are desynchronized. We evaluate our implementation of DWARF on TOSSIM, a simulator for wireless sensor networks. The simulation results indicate that DWARF incurs significantly lower desynchronization error and scales much better than existing approaches.

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Energy-Efficient Gradient Time Synchronization for Wireless Sensor Networks

Cited by 17 publications

References 12 publications

A Weighted Average Based External Clock Synchronization Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks

A Weighted Average Based External Clock Synchronization Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks

A model for the classification and survey of clock synchronization protocols in WSNs

Desynchronization with an artificial force field for wireless networks

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