Energy-Efficient Routing Algorithm Based on Localization and Clustering Techniques for Agricultural Applications

Khriji, Sabrine; Houssaini, Dhouha El; Kammoun, Inès; Besbes, Kamel; Kanoun, Olfa

doi:10.1109/maes.2019.2905947

Cited by 31 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Routing protocols are important in wireless sensor networks to ensure end-to-end connectivity especially over long distances [ 118 , 119 ]. A small sending range is important for reducing energy consumption and limiting sending power.…”

Section: Energy Saving On Network Levelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy-Aware System Design for Autonomous Wireless Sensor Nodes: A Comprehensive Review

Kanoun

Bradai

Khriji

et al. 2021

Sensors

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Nowadays, wireless sensor networks are becoming increasingly important in several sectors including industry, transportation, environment and medicine. This trend is reinforced by the spread of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies in almost all sectors. Autonomous energy supply is thereby an essential aspect as it decides the flexible positioning and easy maintenance, which are decisive for the acceptance of this technology, its wide use and sustainability. Significant improvements made in the last years have shown interesting possibilities for realizing energy-aware wireless sensor nodes (WSNs) by designing manifold and highly efficient energy converters and reducing energy consumption of hardware, software and communication protocols. Using only a few of these techniques or focusing on only one aspect is not sufficient to realize practicable and market relevant solutions. This paper therefore provides a comprehensive review on system design for battery-free and energy-aware WSN, making use of ambient energy or wireless energy transmission. It addresses energy supply strategies and gives a deep insight in energy management methods as well as possibilities for energy saving on node and network level. The aim therefore is to provide deep insight into system design and increase awareness of suitable techniques for realizing battery-free and energy-aware wireless sensor nodes.

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Section: Energy Saving On Network Levelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy-Aware System Design for Autonomous Wireless Sensor Nodes: A Comprehensive Review

Kanoun

Bradai

Khriji

et al. 2021

Sensors

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“…Nowadays, the development of wireless sensor nodes (WSN) [1] has progressed from the implementing wake-up technologies [2] to the realization of even battery-free WSNs with low energy consumption. Battery-free based WSNs themselves can be supplied either by wireless power transfer (WPT) [3,4] or by adopting energy harvesting techniques to collect energy from one or several ambient sources [5][6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiplexed Supply of a MISO Wireless Power Transfer System for Battery-Free Wireless Sensors

et al. 2020

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Multi-input single output wireless power transmission (MISO-WPT) systems have decisive advantages concerning flexible receiver position in comparison to single coil systems. However, the supply of the primary side brings a large uncertainty in case of variable positions of the secondary side. In this paper, a compact multiplexed primary side electronic circuit is proposed, which includes only one signal generator, a passive peak detector, a communication module, and a compensation capacitor. The novel approach has been studied and evaluated for a MISO-WPT system having a 16 coils on primary side and one coil on secondary side having the double diameter. Results show that a standard microcontroller, in this case an STM32, is sufficient for the control of the whole system, so that the costs and the energy consumption are significantly reduced. An activation strategy has been proposed, which allows to determine the optimal transmitting coil for each position of the receiving coil and to switch it on. The time-to-start-charging at different positions of the receiving coil and different number of neighbors has been determined. It remains in all cases under 2.5 s.This reduces the size of the supply circuit relative to the previous solutions. In [19], a multi-coil system with multiplexed solution is presented with a singular supply circuit. However, the selection of the appropriate coil requires dual MOSFET switches, which presents some similarity to a switch-based multi-coil system. Nevertheless, the control of the multi-coil system switches needs microcontrollers with a high number of pins. For that, in case of a big number of transmitting coils, an FPGA [22] is proposed as processing unit, leading to an increase of both energy consumption and costs.In this paper, we investigate the feasibility of a multiplexed circuit on the primary side supply approach, with the aim to reduce the circuit size and to control the system by a simple microcontroller with a limited number of pins. The main objective is to significantly decrease both energy consumption and system costs. To this end, we propose to use receiving coils having the double diameter of the transmitting coils. This is important to cover at least a singular transmitting coil for different possible positions on the top of the pad to power the device for all the possible positions. In order to enable the detection and the powering of even battery-free wireless sensor nodes, we propose that the communication between the transmitting and receiving coil is started from the transmitting side and supplied from the transferred energy on the secondary side.The paper is organized as follows: In Section 2, the primary side supply circuit for a system is presented. The description of the proposed multi-coil system control algorithm is detailed in Section 3. The experimental evaluation of the developed algorithm are reported in Section 4. Section 5 shows the analysis of the required time to start the charging process. A conclusion is provided in Section 6. Design of the Primar...

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“…This method has two disadvantages: (i) if the number of sight distance measurements in the two‐dimensional plane is <3 or if the number of the sight distance measurements in the three‐dimensional space is <4, then discard any NLOS measurements will not be able to locate the target node; (ii) if only the LOS measurement value is used, the NLOS measurement value will be lost, and the multi‐target node cooperative localisation algorithm may not be able to achieve localisation. In addition, some scholars have studied the energy‐saving technology of multi‐sensors and some calibration methods in the positioning process, which can be found in [35–38].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

TOA NLOS mitigation cooperative localisation algorithm based on topological unit

Zhang

Qian

Liu

2020

IET signal process.

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The accuracy of cooperative localisation can be severely degraded in non‐line‐of‐sight (NLOS) environments. To mitigate the NLOS errors, the cooperative localisation problem based on time of arrival (TOA) under the mixed line‐of‐sight (LOS)/NLOS conditions is addressed. By studying the topological relationship between nodes, a TOA NLOS mitigation cooperative localisation algorithm based on the topological unit is proposed. This algorithm is implemented under the classical multidimensional scaling framework. The adjacent topological unit of NLOS measurements are successfully identified by using the LOS matrix, and the NLOS measurements are re‐estimated using topological units. The least‐square method is used to transform the relative coordinates into absolute coordinates depending on the location of the anchor nodes. Compared to the existing methods, by employing the topological unit, this algorithm only requires the number of LOS anchor nodes to be 2 in the two‐dimensional plane, and the better localisation performance can be achieved. Simulation results show that the proposed method works well for both the sparse and dense NLOS environments.

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Energy-Efficient Routing Algorithm Based on Localization and Clustering Techniques for Agricultural Applications

Cited by 31 publications

References 18 publications

Energy-Aware System Design for Autonomous Wireless Sensor Nodes: A Comprehensive Review

Energy-Aware System Design for Autonomous Wireless Sensor Nodes: A Comprehensive Review

Multiplexed Supply of a MISO Wireless Power Transfer System for Battery-Free Wireless Sensors

TOA NLOS mitigation cooperative localisation algorithm based on topological unit

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