Energy‐efficient routing protocol and optimized passive clustering in WSN for SMART grid applications

Abstract

Due to low cost, ease of implementation and flexibility of wireless sensor networks (WSNs), WSNs are considered to be an essential technology to support the smart grid (SG) application. The prime concern is to increase the lifetime in order to find the active sensor node and thereby to find once the sensor node (SN) dies in any region. For this reason, an energy-efficient Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) protocol needs to provide the right stability region with a prolonged network lifetime. This work is an effort to extend the network's existence by finding and correcting the considerable energy leveraging behaviors of WSN. We build a comprehensive model based on real measures of SG path loss for different conditions by using the characteristics of WSN nodes and channel characteristics. This method also establishes a hierarchical network structure of balanced clusters and an energy-harvesting SN. The cluster heads (CHs) are chosen by these SN using a low overhead passive clustering strategy. The cluster formation method is focused on the use of passive clustering of the particle swarm optimization (PSO). For the sake of eliminating delayed output in the WSN, energy competent dynamic source routing protocol (EC-DSR) is used. Chicken swarm optimization (CSO) in which optimum cluster path calculation shall be done where distance and residual energy should be regarded as limitation. Finally, the results are carried out with regard to the packet distribution ratio, throughput, overhead management, and average end-to-end delay to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed system.

PRESEP: Cluster Based Metaheuristic Algorithm for Energy-Efficient Wireless Sensor Network Application in Internet of Things

“…Due to vast types of SNs development, several applications of WSN are utilized. WSNs used in security systems, military fields, weather monitoring, biomedical, healthcare applications, agriculture and many more real time applications [4][5][6]. Data extracted from SNs are collected at base station (BS) or sink.…”

A Sector-Based Energy-Efficient Lightweight Clustering Algorithm

“…The grid clustering algorithm [13]- [15] divides the area into virtual grids that are equal in size. Each virtual grid is organized in the cluster.…”