Energy Efficient Safe SHip Operation (SHOPERA)

Papanikolaou, Apostolos; Zaraphonitis, George; Bitner‐Gregersen, Elzbieta M.; Shigunov, Vladimir; Moctar, Ould el; Soares, C. Guedes; Reddy, D.N.; Sprenger, Florian

doi:10.1016/j.trpro.2016.05.030

Cited by 51 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Although 2013 Interim Guidelines is an effective provision to prevent newly built ships from irrational reduction of installed power, their sufficiency was disputed, especially concerning the definition of the minimum power lines (MPL), strictness of standards and removal of comprehensive assessment. To support the development of a rational basis for regulations concerning manoeuvrability in adverse conditions, several research projects have been started worldwide, including the EU funded project SHOPERA (Energy Efficient Safe Ship Operation) [9,10], a research project in Japan coordinated by the Japan Society of Naval Architects and Ocean Engineers (JASNAOE) together with ClassNK [11], project MacRAW (Short-sea Shipping Requirements: EEDI & Minimum Power Requirements) in the Netherlands [12], project PerSee (Performance of Ships in Seaway) in Germany and research projects in Greece [13,14] and Korea. In 2017, a joint proposal was prepared by SHOPERA and JASNAOE projects concerning revised guidelines for bulk carriers and tankers [15][16][17], in which, however, standards have not been finalized yet.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Manoeuvrability in adverse conditions: rational criteria and standards

Shigunov

2018

J Mar Sci Technol

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The importance of norming manoeuvrability of ships in adverse weather conditions increased after the introduction of EEDI regulations, which raised concerns that manoeuvrability of ships in adverse conditions may become insufficient if EEDI requirements are achieved by simple reduction of the installed engine power. This paper addresses the definition of the required criteria (i.e. ship's abilities, relevant for the considered problem), measures (values quantifying ship's performance with respect to the criteria) and standards (acceptance limits for the measures). It is proposed to combine criteria that are based on the physics of the problem with standards that are empirical to some degree to reflect the existing safety level and operational practice and, at the same time, compensate for inevitable simplifications in the practical criteria. The paper reviews existing proposals, interviews of ship masters and accident data to define criteria for manoeuvrability in adverse conditions and summarises experience with their application, particularly addressing their practicality and redundancy with respect to each other. A practical assessment procedure is proposed, illustrated in examples and validated. A rational approach to fine-tune the standards, based on benchmarking of existing ships with respect to the new criteria, is proposed and tested on bulk carriers and tankers.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Manoeuvrability in adverse conditions: rational criteria and standards

Shigunov

2018

J Mar Sci Technol

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“…Experiments in shallow water waves: Maneuvering experiments and studies in general in shallow water are limited, at least in public domain, even though of increased importance when discussing the safety of ships in view of grounding statistics. This type of studies is even more important when considering in parallel adverse weather conditions, which is the core research subject of project SHOPERA (Papanikolaou et al 2014(Papanikolaou et al , 2015a. The effect of the shallowness of water on the added resistance and drift forces is not unique and dependent on incident wave's length, ship's speed, and UKC, as shown in the paper.…”

Section: Authors' Responsementioning

confidence: 93%

“…This approach may, however, lead to significant safety issues for some ship types, since ship's maneuvering capabilities in adverse conditions might not be sufficient anymore. The EU research project SHOPERA (Energy Efficient Safe SHip OPERAtion) (Papanikolaou et al 2014;Papanikolaou et al 2015aPapanikolaou et al , 2015bPapanikolaou et al , 2015cSprenger et al 2016) dealt with this problem by developing proper methods and rational procedures for the assessment of ship's maneuverability in adverse weather conditions. In the frame of this project, a comprehensive model testing program of more than 1300 different tests for three modern hull designs (the Duisburg Test Case [DTC] postPanamax container vessel, the KVLCC2 tanker, and a RoPax ferry) of different hydrodynamic characteristics was conducted.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Studies on Seakeeping and Maneuverability of Ships in Adverse Weather Conditions

Sprenger

Marón

Delefortrie

et al. 2017

Journal of Ship Research

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The introduction of the energy efficiency design index (EEDI), which is applicable for various types of new-built ships after January 1,2013, raised concerns regarding the sufficiency of propulsion power and steering devices to maintain maneuverability in adverse conditions. This was the motivation for the initiation of the EU research project SHOPERA (Energy Efficient Safe SHip OPERAtion, 2013–2016, http://www.shopera.org). The aim of this article is the development of suitable methods, tools, and guidelines to effectively address the above concerns and to enable safe and green shipping. Within the framework of SHOPERA, a comprehensive experimental program of more than 1300 different model tests for three ship hulls of different geometry and hydrodynamic characteristics has been conducted by four leading European maritime experimental research institutes: MARINTEK, Norway; CEHIPAR, Spain; Technische Universität Berlin, Germany; and Flanders Hydraulics Research, Belgium. The tested hull types refer to two public domain designs, namely the KVLCC2 tanker and the Duisburg Test Case (DTC) container ship, as well as to a small RoPax ferry design, which is a proprietary hull design of a member of the SHOPERA consortium. The conducted tests were distributed among the four research institutes to benefit from the unique possibilities of each facility and to gain added value by establishing data sets for the same hull model and test type at different under keel clearances. This article presents the scope of the SHOPERA model test program for the two public domain hull models—the KVLCC2 and the DTC. The main particulars and loading conditions for the two vessels as well as the experimental setup is provided to support the interpretation of the experimental data that is presented. The focus lies on the added resistance and drift forces at zero and moderate forward speed, propulsion, and rudder force tests in waves and the assessment of maneuverability of ships in waves, as compared to calm water conditions.

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“…Kristensen et al carried out a regression analysis and found that the requirement of a maximum allowable EEDI for new ships will be a good design driver for more efficient ships in the future [32]. Papanikolaou et al analyzed the measure to lower attained EEDI and its influence on ship operational performance in adverse conditions [33]. Sui et al defined the energy conversion effectiveness and fuel index and investigated these definitions under various propulsion system control modes [34].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of EEDI (Energy Efficiency Design Index) on Ship–Engine–Propeller Matching

Ren

Ding

Sui

2019

JMSE

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With the increasingly strict international GHG (greenhouse gas) emission regulations, higher requirements are placed on the propulsion system design of conventional ships. Playing an important role in ship design, construction and operation, ship–engine–propeller matching dominantly covers the CO2 emission of the entire ship. In this paper, firstly, a ship propulsion system matching platform based on the ship–engine–propeller matching principle and its application on WinGD 5 × 52 marine diesel engine have been investigated. Meeting the energy efficiency design index (EEDI) regulation used to calculate the ship CO2 emission is essential and ship–engine–propeller matching has to be carried out with EEDI into consideration. Consequently, a procedure is developed combining the system matching theory and EEDI calculation, which can provide the matching results as well as the corresponding EEDI value to study the relationship between EEDI and ship–engine–propeller matching. Furthermore, a comprehensive analysis is performed to obtain the relationship of EEDI and system matching parameters, such as ship speed, effective power and propeller diameter, reflecting the trend and extent of EEDI when changing these three parameters. The results of system matching parameters satisfying different EEDI phases indicate the initial value selection in matching process to provide reference for the design of ship, engine and propeller under the EEDI regulations.

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Energy Efficient Safe SHip Operation (SHOPERA)

Cited by 51 publications

References 5 publications

Manoeuvrability in adverse conditions: rational criteria and standards

Manoeuvrability in adverse conditions: rational criteria and standards

Experimental Studies on Seakeeping and Maneuverability of Ships in Adverse Weather Conditions

Influence of EEDI (Energy Efficiency Design Index) on Ship–Engine–Propeller Matching

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