Energy-Efficient Transmissions for Remote Wireless Sensor Networks: An Integrated HAP/Satellite Architecture for Emergency Scenarios

Abstract

A typical application scenario of remote wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is identified as an emergency scenario. One of the greatest design challenges for communications in emergency scenarios is energy-efficient transmission, due to scarce electrical energy in large-scale natural and man-made disasters. Integrated high altitude platform (HAP)/satellite networks are expected to optimally meet emergency communication requirements. In this paper, a novel integrated HAP/satellite (IHS) architecture is proposed, and three segments of the architecture are investigated in detail. The concept of link-state advertisement (LSA) is designed in a slow flat Rician fading channel. The LSA is received and processed by the terminal to estimate the link state information, which can significantly reduce the energy consumption at the terminal end. Furthermore, the transmission power requirements of the HAPs and terminals are derived using the gradient descent and differential equation methods. The energy consumption is modeled at both the source and system level. An innovative and adaptive algorithm is given for the energy-efficient path selection. The simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed adaptive algorithm. It is shown that the proposed adaptive algorithm can significantly improve energy efficiency when combined with the LSA and the energy consumption estimation.

Performance Evaluation of a Dual Coverage System for Internet of Things Environments

“…In addition, the things in the second scenarios of the proposed architectures are attached directly to the coverage component (space tings) which means that there is no handover occurrence. The relation between satellite and HAP speeds is described in satellite-HAP networks [59]. Figures 22,23, and 24 show the handover probability, the blocking probability, and the dropping probability, respectively, when the handover occurred for generated calls at interlayer and intralayer of the Satellite/HAP/HAP/Things architecture.…”

A Topology Control Strategy with Reliability Assurance for Satellite Cluster Networks in Earth Observation

“…EO with satellites has been implemented in many different areas, such as weather forecasting, natural disaster monitoring, natural resources management, land-use change measurement, and others [1,2]. However, when facing some emergency services, it is a challenge for current EO satellites to complete the target information acquisition and transmission in a short time [3], for the actual performance of task execution in EO missions with traditional satellites is limited by several factors, like short communication windows between satellites and ground stations, low data transmitting rates from satellites to ground, and large amounts of image data [4]. It means that the contemporary work mode of EO satellites is difficult to meet the requirements of the complex future EO situations, especially in some emergency situations.…”

Robust secure design for relay wireless sensor networks with simultaneous wireless information and power transfer

“…28 Recently, relay WSN has aroused great attentions. [29][30][31][32][33][34][35] Specifically, Dong et al 29 investigated the diversity performance of high-altitude platform (HAP)-based relay WSN, while Dong et al 30 investigated the energy-efficient transmission for remote WSN, where an integrated architecture based on HAP was proposed. Djenouri and Bagaa 31 investigated the relay node deployment for sustainable WSN with EH constraint.…”