Energy Efficient Uplink MAC Protocol for M2M Devices

Abstract

To enable connectivity between a massive number of devices on the Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm, machine-to-machine (M2M) communication is implied. The key feature of emerging and ad hoc networks, such as M2M communication, is a low-complexity medium access protocol. In this paper, an uplink centric simple approach is proposed that aims to improve the energy efficiency of the devices of M2M communication. To facilitate the requirements of these networks with a massive number of ubiquitous devices, the current version of slotted aloha is optimized specifically for M2M architecture. To reduce complexity, this paper does not change the architecture but, additionally, add a simplified approach to gain efficiency. Previous slotted aloha protocols work well under less traffic but in the case of M2M architecture, it may become a bottleneck. The proposed power adaptive technique adjusts the delay time for transmission slots mainly for small sensor devices used in M2M applications, such as health care, weather trackers, and other delays sensitive M2M applications. An improvement in energy efficiency was achieved by increasing the energy efficiency at 60% rate compared with other techniques and lifetime to 45% while keeping the throughput steady and reducing the time and space complexity. The results are simulated in MATLAB. Better message delivery was achieved by considering the power profiles of M2M devices.INDEX TERMS Machine-to-machine, power adaptive, MAC, slotted aloha. I. INTRODUCTIONMachine-to-machine (M2M) network consists of numerous small powered devices communicating through mostly a single medium (channel) [1]. The data is small in chunks and usually in periodic form [2]. Since these devices cannot afford a lot of power consumption for transmission therefore there exists a necessity for upgrading the current version of MAC protocol. In 5G systems, machine-type communication (MTC) is expected to play vital role [3]. MTC is further classified as ultra-reliable MTC (uMTC) which is concerned with availability, high reliability and latency. Where massive MTC (mMTC) is about providing connectivity to massive number of devices whose communication is based on short packets. mMTC main focus is on uplink communication of massive number of small low powered devices. This involves completely different technologies as compared to human-to-human communication mainly used in cellular and LTE networks. For facilitating uplink centric communication certain questions should be solved. 1) HowThe associate editor coordinating the review of this manuscript and approving it for publication was Qiquan Qiao.

A Scalable and Power Efficient MAC Protocol with Adaptive TDMA for M2M Communication

“… Suitable of M2M communication with limited number of devices and does not support large number of M2M devices as resources demand increases. The MAC protocol developed for ensuring energy efficiency in M2M communication system in [43], [44]. A power adaptive methodology used that follows processing in two phases as: phase 1 power adaptive slotted Aloha (PASA) MAC protocol and phase 2: spectrum provisioning for devices.…”

Slotted ALOHA Protocol for Next Generation IoT

“…This technique is mainly for low power devices such as weather trackers and healthcare. This technique reduces the complexity of architecture but keep throughput stable [1]. ALOHA is one of the efficient protocols that works with low traffic.…”

“…Slotted ALOHA is one of the Random access protocol, which is easy to implement as compared to the other technique. Other contention less protocol like TDMA, FDMA, CDMA cannot be used here because of unused slots [1]. These unused slots lead to wastage of time and frequency.…”

Resource Allocation for Low-Power Devices of M2m Technology in 5g Networks

“…Існує багато викликів і нерозв'язаних задач при розгортанні таких мереж: різні вимоги до потужності, висока мобільність, велика кількість пристроїв, різні вимоги до якості тощо. Оскільки всі пристрої з машинним типом зв'язку machinetype communication (MTC) працюють на малих батареях [6], які складно замінити або зарядити, то енергетична ефективність є важливою характеристикою таких мереж [7][8][9]. Енергетична ефективність таких пристроїв має бути збільшеною мінімально в 10 разів, щоб підвищити строк служби батареї в 10 разів.…”