Energy-encrypted contactless charging for swarm robots

Wang, J.; Liang, Zhenlin; Zhang, Z.

doi:10.1109/intmag.2017.8007838

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Numerous applications for multiple access WPT have been presented in the literature as we make progress towards achieving the goal of omnipresent wireless power. Examples of SIMO WPT systems include a universal contactless battery charging platform for multiple electronic devices [12], WPT for robot swarms performing various tasks in an automated environment [7] [13] [14], and WPT for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) [15]. MISO systems have multiple transmitters powering a single receiver and are usually employed to improve the range, efficiency, areal coverage, and other performance factors of WPT systems.…”

Section: A Current State Of the Artmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Framework for Code Division Multiple Access Wireless Power Transfer

Sarin¹,

Avestruz

2021

IEEE Access

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The availability of energy is one of the major hindrances to unlocking the massive potential of electronic devices. Powering a highly connected network of devices requires multiple access and a wireless power transfer (WPT) solution that is scalable and capable of maintaining a constant power flow regardless of reconfiguration (mutability) and electromagnetic environment (power flow selectivity). In this paper, we present a framework for the implementation of code division multiple access wireless power transfer (CDMA-WPT) for enabling WPT among multiple transmitters and multiple receivers simultaneously. CDMA-WPT maintains power flow selectivity and is easily scalable. An inverter/rectifier topology is presented for the hardware implementation of CDMA-WPT. A design process for practical co-design of high-performance hardware and obtaining a code set is also presented. We demonstrate the hardware implementation of CDMA-WPT using two transmitters and two receivers maintaining a nearly constant 5 W operation with nearly 75 % dc-dc efficiency, and four transmitters and four receivers maintaining a constant 4 W operating with greater than 70 % dc-dc efficiency. . This paper is accompanied by a video hardware demonstration in real-time the difference between using orthogonal codes in CDMA versus conventional single-frequency WPT using 4 transmitter-receiver pairs; conventional single-frequency WPT shows up to a 100 % deviation from the intended transfer power as opposed to 8.1 % for orthogonal codes in CDMA.INDEX TERMS Wireless power transfer (WPT), code division multiple access (CDMA), current-mode class-D (CMCD), internet of things (IoT), power amplifier, high-efficiency, resonant converter.

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Section: A Current State Of the Artmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Framework for Code Division Multiple Access Wireless Power Transfer

Sarin¹,

Avestruz

2021

IEEE Access

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“…The energy transfer requirement should not add behavioral constraints for electromagnetically isolating the robots that are sharing energy. The swarm might require protection from adversarial robots trying to steal or disrupt power, and hence it may be advantageous to encrypt the energy transfer [21]. 2) Scalability: One of the important characteristics of robotic swarms is scalability [22]; thus, MAET should also easily scale to large swarms.…”

Section: Multiple Access Energy Transfermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…where is the factor by which the voltage of Transceiver 1 scales as it traverses the WPT link; L (•) is the link admittance operator that acts on the voltages. Thus, 21 is the current contribution due to the voltage of Transceiver 1 and 22 is the current contribution due to the voltage of Transceiver 2. For an inductive link having a voltage ( ) applied across the link, the link admittance operator acts on the voltage difference as…”

Section: A Encoding Powermentioning

confidence: 99%

Code Division Multiple Access Wireless Power Transfer for Energy Sharing in Heterogenous Robot Swarms

Sarin

Avestruz

2020

IEEE Access

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Energy is one of the key enablers for robotic swarms. The feasibility of heterogeneous swarms to perform complex missions depends upon the energy stored in the robot batteries. Allowing multiple access energy transfer (MAET) in robot swarms provides more flexibility to accomodate uncertain missions. In this paper, we present a MAET solution for heterogeneous swarms using code division multiple access wireless power transfer (CDMA-WPT). CDMA-WPT allows robots in heterogeneous swarms to exchange energy while in motion, allows faster charging rates by enabling multiple robots to exchange energy, is easily scalable, offers power flow selectivity to enable energy encryption, and does not require a centralized controller. The encoding scheme, power flow model, and code construction algorithm for a particular implementation of CDMA-WPT is presented. The proof of concept is verified using a hardware implementation for a heterogeneous swarm of four robots. Finally, the application of CDMA-WPT to a heterogeneous swarm with 30 robots is presented.

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