Energy evaluation and environmental impact assessment of transportation fuels in Pakistan

Yaqoob, Haseeb; Teoh, Yew Heng; Goraya, Talha S.; Sher, Farooq; Jamil, Muhammad Ahmad; Rashid, Tazien; Yar, Kashif Allah

doi:10.1016/j.cscee.2021.100081

Cited by 77 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The study of [119] demonstrated that variations in land use events, vegetation cover, and deforestation were the principal causes of climate change. Consequently, air pollution is rising expeditiously in Punjab and is documented to be on 195.71 million tons of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions annually, which is affecting human health and the sustainable environment [121].…”

Section: Climate Variability and Sustainabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Climate Variability among Seasonal Trends Using In Situ Measurements: A Case Study of Punjab, Pakistan

et al. 2021

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This research assessed the changes in spatial patterns and the seasonal trends in temperature, precipitation, and relative humidity over 36 years (1979–2014) using Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) datasets. The evaluation of climate deviations was the prime objective of this research. The augmented Dickey–Fuller Test (ADF) was used to scrutinize whether the data was either stationary or non-stationary. The results of the ADF test showed that all the datasets were found to be stationary at lag order 3. To observe undulations in the time series data, trend analyses were done using Sen’s slope (SS), Mann–Kendall (MK), and Cox and Stuart (CS) tests. For all the statistical analyses, we considered the 5% significance level (α = 0.05) and p < 0.05 to be statistically significant. We observed significant (p < 0.05) trends in spring (MAM) and autumn (SON) for minimum temperature (Tmin) in Punjab. We also noted a significant (p < 0.05) trend in precipitation during autumn (SON). Annually, all the variables showed a non-significant (p > 0.05) trend for Punjab, Pakistan, during the period 1979–2014. Climate variability, such as a decrease in precipitation, higher temperature, and relative humidity fluctuations, were the reasons for the imbalance in the sustainability of Punjab, Pakistan.

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Section: Climate Variability and Sustainabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Climate Variability among Seasonal Trends Using In Situ Measurements: A Case Study of Punjab, Pakistan

et al. 2021

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“…Economic development requires valuable input from all areas to expand. The key demand of the 21st century is to cope with the rising energy demands [1][2][3]. Pakistan is the world's fifth most populated country, its energy demand and population are rising every day, too.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Status and Potential of Tire Pyrolysis Oil Production as an Alternative Fuel in Developing Countries

et al. 2021

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Energy is essential for the nature of life and the development of countries. The main demand for the 21st century is to fulfill growing energy needs. Pakistan, through the use of fossil fuels, meets energy demands. There is pressure on the economy of the country due to the massive reliance on fossil fuels, and this tendency is influenced by various environmental impacts. To overcome the burden on fossil fuels, more attention has been drawn to provide fossil fuel substitution. Tire pyrolysis is among the effective substitutes of the fuel technology that generates useful products of liquid oil, char, and pyro gas. This research focuses on the environmental, social, and economic viability of tire pyrolysis oil in Pakistan. This study estimates the production and potential of tire pyrolysis oil (TPO) in Pakistan. Based on the calculations, the potential of tire pyrolysis oil production in Pakistan from 2015–2019 is 468,081 to 548,406 tons. The potential production of TPO in 2018–2019 was ~8.30% of the total import (6.6 million tons) of crude oil. Therefore, tire pyrolysis oil is considered an alternative fuel representing an economic and environmentally viability solution for Pakistan.

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“…Due to the massive reliance on fossil fuels, there is a load of pressure on the country's economy, and this trend has led to various environmental effects [9,10]. Furthermore, as the population of the world increases, due to which the number of vehicles increases, this trend increases the emissions of CO 2 , and the same trend is happening in Pakistan [11]. Now, Pakistan has enormous energy crises that have forced several industries to close.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Jatropha Curcas Biodiesel: A Lucrative Recipe for Pakistan’s Energy Sector

et al. 2021

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One of the greatest challenges of the 21st century is to fulfill the growing energy needs sustainably and cost-effectively. Among the different sources of energy, biodiesel is one of the alternative energy sources that has tremendous potential to become a major mainstream renewable energy mix. Jatropha is an important raw input for biodiesel that provides an ecological and sustainable solution for emerging greenhouse gas emissions over the other biomass feedstock. This paper critically evaluates different factors and presents a SWOT analysis (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats) and barriers to the adoption of Jatropha biodiesel. In Pakistan, the estimated production of Jatropha biodiesel is expected to be 2.93 million tons, that are calculated from available barren land and possible shortlisted suitable areas for Jatropha plantation. It is ~25% of the total import (11.84 million tons) of petroleum products, which can save ~$2 billion USD reserves of Pakistan. The cultivation of Jatropha on barren land is an environmentally and economically lucrative approach for Pakistan. This study has real implications for developing a policy framework related to the environment and socio-economic feasibility of Jatropha biodiesel production in Pakistan.

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Energy evaluation and environmental impact assessment of transportation fuels in Pakistan

Cited by 77 publications

References 19 publications

Assessment of Climate Variability among Seasonal Trends Using In Situ Measurements: A Case Study of Punjab, Pakistan

Assessment of Climate Variability among Seasonal Trends Using In Situ Measurements: A Case Study of Punjab, Pakistan

Current Status and Potential of Tire Pyrolysis Oil Production as an Alternative Fuel in Developing Countries

Jatropha Curcas Biodiesel: A Lucrative Recipe for Pakistan’s Energy Sector

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