Energy exchange among base stations in a Cellular Network through the Smart Grid

Abstract

In this paper, we study the problem of minimizing the energy cost incurred by a Cellular Network Operator (CNO) in a Smart Grid (SG) environment. We consider a CNO that deploys several Cellular Base Stations (CBS) to serve a given geographical area. Each CBS is equipped with a limited-capacity battery and can be powered either by the SG or by a renewableenergy (RE) harvester. Given this topology, two-way energy flow is allowed between each CBS and the SG and between any pair of CBSs in the network through the SG. The space-time-dependent energy-buying and energy-sharing costs and the energy-selling prices are made known to the CNO in advance. Therefore, in order to minimize the total cost incurred by the CNO, we find the optimal energy-management strategy by solving a constrained optimization problem. The proposed strategy ensures that the instantaneous energy demand of each CBS and the constraints imposed by each battery are satisfied at every point in time. We evaluate the performance of the proposed solution using simulations. Our results show that a significant cost reduction can be achieved by implementing the proposed strategy.

A Hybrid Energy Sharing Framework for Green Cellular Networks

“…Recently, the concept of energy sharing among BSs has emerged as another step towards self-reliance of cellular networks in terms of energy [28]- [30]. This paradigm has also been referred to as energy exchange [28] and energy cooperation [26], [30] in the literature.…”

“…This paradigm has also been referred to as energy exchange [28] and energy cooperation [26], [30] in the literature. Energy sharing is motivated by the fact that the distributed RE generated at BSs sites can be connected together to create a microgrid [31] that collectively serves the energy requirements of all BSs.…”

“…A novel architecture for microgrid connected green cellular networks is proposed in [12] where the REs generated at BSs sites and at centralized locations are integrated to jointly serve all BSs. A framework for energy exchange among BSs using SG is proposed in [28]. However, it presents an offline strategy and does not consider the uncertainty in RE generation.…”

Fairness in multi-operator energy sharing

“…Energy sharing among elements of the same network has been studied in the past extensively in various forms: via power lines [7], via grid based on technical characteristics [8] or via aggregator-assisted energy transfer [9], [10]. Energy trading with the grid has also been presented as an easy energy and cost management solution, using criteria such as RE technical characteristics [11] or with an aggregator being used as an impartial entity [6].…”

Research on Sensor Network Spectrum Detection Technology based on Cognitive Radio Network

“…Collaboration with existing sequential detection often only does sequential detection in FC, and CSDS method in each node to do a first order penetration test. This is because for a certain period of logarithmic likelihood ratio, concrete data may be absolute value is very small, if need to directly upload the logarithmic likelihood ratio to FC, for the impact of judgment is very small, but it consumes more collaboration overhead [13][14].…”