Energy exchanges of veal calves fed a high-fat milk replacer diet containing different amounts of iron

Webster, A. J. F.; Donnelly, Harry; Brockway, J. M.; Smith, Jesse S.

doi:10.1017/s0003356100035029

Cited by 16 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The utilization of the gross energy as digestible and metabolizable energy in the milk replacers used in the present study is in line with previous results (Johnson & Elliot, 1972;Webster et al, 1975). The fact that metabolizable energy as a high utilization of thc nutrients absorbed from Norsaminf. In agrccmcnt with prcvious studies on Norsamin% (Weerden, 1970;Matrc, 1976) theretention of absorbed nitrogenwas not significantlydiffcrcnt in diets containing Norsamin" and those containing only milk protein in Expts.…”

Section: )supporting

confidence: 93%

Fish Protein in the Nutrition of the Young Calf

Opstvedt¹,

Hansen²

1977

Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica

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Section: )supporting

confidence: 93%

Fish Protein in the Nutrition of the Young Calf

Opstvedt¹,

Hansen²

1977

Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica

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“…Wilson et al (1995) found no relationship between hemoglobin levels and veal calves' growth performance traits. Previously, Webster et al (1975), measuring the energy balance of Friesian veal calves, found increased losses of metabolizable energy only when the dietary iron concentration was below 15 ppm, and they reported a reduction of appetite as the principal effect of iron deficiency anemia. In the present study, the average dietary iron concentration was above the 15 ppm threshold (21, 43, and 27 ppm for Control, beet pulp, and wheat straw diets, respectively).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The provision of solid feeds to veal calves: I. Growth performance, forestomach development, and carcass and meat quality1

Cozzi

Gottardo

Mattiello³

et al. 2002

Journal of Animal Science

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Growth performance, forestomach development, and carcass and meat quality of veal calves fed a milk replacer diet (Control) were compared to those obtained from calves fed the same liquid diet plus 250 g x calf(-1) x d(-1) of dried beet pulp or wheat straw. Three groups of 46 Polish Friesian calves, balanced according to initial BW, were assigned to the three dietary treatments in a fattening trial, which lasted 160 d. The provision of either solid feed did not affect the milk replacer intake. However, calves' ADG was increased (P < 0.01) only by feeding the beet pulp diet. The administration of both solid feeds improved calves' health status; calves fed solid feeds required fewer iron treatments for low hemoglobin and needed less medical treatments for respiratory or gastrointestinal diseases. In comparison to the Control calves, the provision of wheat straw and beet pulp increased iron intake throughout the fattening period by 41 and 130%, respectively. However, only calves fed beet pulp showed higher levels of hemoglobin and plasma iron concentrations (P < 0.05), whereas the same blood parameters were similar between Control calves and those fed wheat straw. At slaughter, both solid feeds led to empty forestomach weights heavier than those of Controls without reducing dressing percentage. The reticulorumen was heaviest in calves fed beet pulp, whereas wheat straw promoted omasal development. The administration of beet pulp resulted in a better carcass conformation than did the Control diet or wheat straw, but it had a detrimental effect on carcass color, which was graded as the darkest (P < 0.001). Consistent with this result, meat color of calves fed beet pulp was darker than that of Control calves and those fed wheat straw, because of the higher hematin concentration measured at the muscle level. No differences in carcass and meat color were observed between Control calves and calves fed wheat straw. The administration of solid feeds for welfare purposes does not always prevent the production of veal meat fulfilling the color standards required by the market. There is not a straight-forward relationship between a solid feed's iron content and the "redness" of veal meat, which should be related to the capability of the calves to use the iron provided by the roughage.

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“…Factors reducing growth rates in severe Fe deficiency are reduced feed intake, lower digestibility (WEBSTER et al, 1975), changes in intermediary metabolism (HOST-ETI' LER-ALLEN et al, 1993) and higher infection rates (MOLLERBERG et al, 1975 ; Table 7. between groups within experiment 1 and 2, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to the Swiss Law on Animal Protection (TIERSCHUTZGESETZ, 1978) calves have to be provided with adequate amounts of Fe and straw, hay or comparable feedstuffs have to be provided from the third week after birth. Fe intake through milk or milk replacer (MR), plasma Fe concentration and haemoglobin (Hb) concentration are positively correlated (KIRCHGESSNER et al, 1973;BREMNER and DALGARNO, 1973;WEBSTER et al, 1975;BURGSTALLER et al, 1979;LINDT, 1988;GYGAX, 1991). Calves partly suffered from Fe-deficiency anaemia even when fed the legally prescribed amount of 20 mg Fe/kg MR in some (MOLLERBERG et al, 1975;LINDT, 1988), but HOSTEITLER-ALLEN et al, 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Iron Status, Erythropoiesis, Meat Colour, Health Status and Growth Performance of Veal Calves Held on and Fed Straw

Moser

Bruckmaier

Blum

1994

Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series A

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Summary Two experiments were designed to study the iron (Fe) status in veal calves (62 intact males) fed and held on straw. In experiment 1, two groups were fed 20 mg Fe/kg milk replacer (MR) and held unattached on rye or barley straw litter. In experiment 2, groups were fed 20 mg Fe/kg MR and held unattached on rye straw litter or on sawdust or attached on wooden slatted floors without straw litter or were fed 50 mg Fe/kg MR and held unattached on sawdust. Fe concentrations in tested straw sorts (rye, barley, wheat, triticale) were similar and ranged from 15 to 85 mg Fe/kg dry matter. Growth performance and health status were not significantly influenced by Fe intake through MR or straw. Straw intake in the group fed straw was greater (P < 0.01) at the end than at the start of the growth period, but intake of different straw sorts was similar. Calves fed 20, but not those fed 50 mg Fe/kg MR, developed marked hypoferraemia, but only moderate anaemia. Total iron binding capacity (TIBC) was significantly (P < 0.05) and transferrin (Tf) concentration was numerically higher in calves fed 20 than in those fed 50 mg Fe/kg MR on slaughter day. TIBC and Tf were positively correlated (r = 0.63). Haemin concentration and lightness of m. rectus abdominis were significantly (P < 0.01), whereas myoglobin concentration was numerically greater in calves fed 50 than in those fed 20 mg Fe/kg MR. In conclusion, haematological and blood chemical parameters and meat colour were influenced only by high Fe intake through MR, but not if calves were held on straw litter or were fed straw.

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Energy exchanges of veal calves fed a high-fat milk replacer diet containing different amounts of iron

Cited by 16 publications

References 10 publications

Fish Protein in the Nutrition of the Young Calf

Fish Protein in the Nutrition of the Young Calf

The provision of solid feeds to veal calves: I. Growth performance, forestomach development, and carcass and meat quality1

Iron Status, Erythropoiesis, Meat Colour, Health Status and Growth Performance of Veal Calves Held on and Fed Straw

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