Energy, Exergy and Economic Analyses of Energy Sourcing Pattern in a Nigerian Brewery

Abstract

Energy, exergy, and economic analyses of energy sourcing pattern in a Nigerian brewery have been carried out. The mean annual energy efficiencies have varied from 75.62% in 2004 to 81.71% in 2006, while the mean annual exergy efficiencies have varied from 42.66% in 2004 to 57.10% in 2005. Diesel fuel combustion, whether for local electricity generation via internal combustion engines or for process steam raising in boilers, has adversely affected the efficiencies of energy utilisation in the company. The negative effect of steam raising on efficient energy utilisation is more, although steam raising is unavoidable, due to the nature of the company under investigation. The annual mean energy unit costs have also varied from 27.86 USD per Giga-Joule in 2006 to 32.80 USD per Giga-Joule in 2004, confirming the inverse proportion of energy efficiency and costs. On the other hand, the annual mean exergy unit costs have varied from 40.19 USD per Giga-Joule in 2005 to 58.46 USD per Giga-Joule in 2004. The most efficient year has been 2006 energetically and 2005 exergetically. The difference in the two years lies in the proportions of generator diesel and boiler diesel utilised as the system exergy is most sensitive to boiler diesel use while the system energy is more sensitive to generator diesel utilisation due to their different device efficiencies

Efficiency Analysis on Small Sized Generators in Nigeria

“…Nigerian industrialists and other stakeholders have decried bitterly the pathetic situation of the Nigerian power sector. For instance, manufacturers who operate under different trade associations like the Manufacturers Association of Nigeria (MAN) and Nigeria Association of Small Scale Industries (NASSI), once complained that the major problem bedevilling the manufacturing sector is the lack of power, explaining that the volume of daily diesel combustion in Nigeria was currently put at between 12 million and 13 million litres (Adedeji & Badmus, 2012). Uyigue (2009) carried out energy efficiency survey in Nigeria.…”

Energy-Exergy Analysis and Carbon (IV) Oxide Emission of an Aluminium Extrusion Plant in Nigeria

“…Operational issues like finance, human resources management, marketing, information technology, production and corporate governance also play significant roles in the performance of these industries [1]. This importance in industrial energy usage has attracted serious attention as evident in the work of [2] [3] [4] and [5] In the literature, the quantification of the inherent potential of any energy material quantity to cause environmental change at a given set of conditions has been discussed in several ways. The most common one of those definitions is exergy.…”

“…[20] [21] [22] [23] but none work has been done in aluminium industry.In Nigalex Aluminium Extrusion Company, the Aluminium extrusions are manufactured by extruding or forcing heated aluminium billets at about 500˚C through a steel die. The emerged extruded section is then cooled and sized to desired length.The inherent mechanical properties of materials are then optimised using heat treatment.…”