Energy Expenditure and Adiposity in Nigerian and African‐American Women

Ebersole, Kara; Dugas, Lara R.; Durazo‐Arvizu, Ramón; Adeyemo, Adebowale; Tayo, Bamidele O.; Omotade, Olayemi O.; Brieger, William R.; Schoeller, Dale A.; Cooper, Richard S.; Luke, Amy

doi:10.1038/oby.2008.330

Cited by 44 publications

(38 citation statements)

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“…However, research in humans and animal models indicate that physical activity is not necessarily related to obesity predisposition (12,13). In contrast to the common belief that physical activity is a key factor in obesity development in humans, studies have shown that energy expenditure in activity may play less of a role in the development of obesity than anticipated (31). Inactivity may be a consequence rather than a cause of obesity in children (32).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Deficiency of the RIIβ subunit of PKA affects locomotor activity and energy homeostasis in distinct neuronal populations

Zheng¹,

Yang²,

Sikorski³

et al. 2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Targeted disruption of RIIβ-protein kinase A (PKA) in mice leads to a lean phenotype, increased nocturnal locomotor activity, and activation of brown adipose tissue. Because RIIβ is abundantly expressed in both white and brown adipose tissue as well as the brain, the contribution of neuronal vs. peripheral PKA to these phenotypes was investigated. We used a Cre-Lox strategy to reexpress RIIβ in a tissue-specific manner in either adipocytes or neurons. Mice with adipocyte-specific RIIβ reexpression remained hyperactive and lean, but pan-neuronal RIIβ reexpression reversed both phenotypes. Selective RIIβ reexpression in all striatal medium spiny neurons with Darpp32-Cre corrected the hyperlocomotor phenotype, but the mice remained lean. Further analysis revealed that RIIβ reexpression in D2 dopamine receptor-expressing medium spiny neurons corrected the hyperlocomotor phenotype, which demonstrated that the lean phenotype in RIIβ-PKA-deficient mice does not develop because of increased locomotor activity. To identify the neurons responsible for the lean phenotype, we used specific Cre-driver mice to reexpress RIIβ in agouti-related peptide (AgRP)-, proopiomelanocortin (POMC)-, single-minded 1 (Sim1)-, or steroidogenic factor 1 (SF1)-expressing neurons in the hypothalamus, but observed no rescue of the lean phenotype. However, when RIIβ was reexpressed in multiple regions of the hypothalamus and striatum driven by Rip2-Cre, or specifically in GABAergic neurons driven by Vgat-ires-Cre, both the hyperactive and lean phenotypes were completely corrected. Bilateral injection of adeno-associated virus1 (AAV1)-Cre directly into the hypothalamus caused reexpression of RIIβ and partially reversed the lean phenotype. These data demonstrate that RIIβ-PKA deficiency in a subset of hypothalamic GABAergic neurons leads to the lean phenotype.mouse genetics | obesity | exercise | cAMP W e reported previously that mice lacking the protein kinase A (PKA) regulatory subunit RΙΙβ (RΙΙβ KO) exhibit a 50% reduction in white adipose tissue (WAT) and are resistant to dietinduced obesity (DIO) and diabetes (1, 2). These mice have an extended lifespan and show diminished age-related metabolic dysfunctions such as fatty liver and insulin resistance (3). Compared with their WT littermates, RIIβ KO mice have normal to slightly increased food intake, a twofold increase in nocturnal physical activity, and a basal metabolic rate (VO 2 consumption) that is higher than WT if calculated based on total body weight (4-6). RIIβ is highly expressed in the mouse CNS, brown adipose tissue (BAT), and WAT with limited expression elsewhere (1, 7-9). At the molecular level, RIIβ deficiency is accompanied by a compensatory increase in the PKA regulatory subunit RIα, which results in increased basal PKA activity and decreased total C subunit activity in brain, BAT, and WAT (1). These changes in PKA subunit composition may also alter PKA holoenzyme localization to specific signaling complexes because RIIβ has a much higher affinity for anchoring proteins (AKAPs)...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Deficiency of the RIIβ subunit of PKA affects locomotor activity and energy homeostasis in distinct neuronal populations

Zheng¹,

Yang²,

Sikorski³

et al. 2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…These findings agree with those of Esliger et al (18), who reported high levels of PA in a sample of Amish children residing in Canada. The magnitude of the differences in PA between the OOA and the ES is intriguing because other studies (6,7) comparing groups whose environments were thought to differ crucially found that the groups had similar levels of PA. The exact origins of the differences between OOA and ES children are unclear, but certain circumstances deserve mention.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…These voluntary constraints result in a lifestyle resembling that of farming Americans or Europeans a century or two ago. Although one might think that these circumstances promote greater levels of PA in OOA children compared with non-Amish children, the null hypothesis is favored by studies (6,7) finding similar PA levels in other groups whose environments differ greatly (e.g., individuals residing in the U.S. and Nigeria).…”

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confidence: 99%

Comparison of BMI and Physical Activity Between Old Order Amish Children and Non-Amish Children

et al. 2013

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OBJECTIVEThe Old Order Amish (OOA) is a conservative Christian sect of European origin living in Pennsylvania. Diabetes is rare in adult OOA despite a mean BMI rivaling that in the general U.S. non-Hispanic white population. The current study examines childhood factors that may contribute to the low prevalence of diabetes in the OOA by comparing OOA children aged 8–19 years with National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data and children from Maryland’s Eastern Shore (ES), a nearby, non-Amish, rural community. We hypothesized that pediatric overweight is less common in OOA children, that physical activity (PA) and BMI are inversely correlated, and that OOA children are more physically active than ES children.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSWe obtained anthropometric data in 270 OOA children and 229 ES children (166 non-Hispanic white, 60 non-Hispanic black, 3 Hispanic). PA was measured by hip-worn accelerometers in all ES children and in 198 OOA children. Instrumentation in 43 OOA children was identical to ES children.RESULTSOOA children were approximately 3.3 times less likely than non-Hispanic white ES children and NHANES estimates to be overweight (BMI ≥85th percentile, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). Time spent in moderate/vigorous PA (MVPA) was inversely correlated to BMI z-score (r = −0.24, P = 0.0006). PA levels did not differ by ethnicity within the ES group, but OOA children spent an additional 34 min/day in light activity (442 ± 56 vs. 408 ± 75, P = 0.005) and, impressively, an additional 53 min/day in MVPA (106 ± 54 vs. 53 ± 32, P < 0.0001) compared with ES children. In both groups, boys were more active than girls but OOA girls were easily more active than ES boys.CONCLUSIONSWe confirmed all three hypotheses. Together with our previous data, the study implies that the OOA tend to gain their excess weight relatively late in life and that OOA children are very physically active, both of which may provide some long-term protection against diabetes.

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“…Many experts argue that a decline in PA, particularly from occupation-related activities, is a key contributor to the current obesity epidemic (Archer et al, 2013; Blair, Archer & Hand, 2013; Hill & Peters, 2013; Popkin, 2001; Popkin, Adair & Ng, 2012; Popkin & Gordon-Larsen, 2004); however, prospective longitudinal studies employing objective measures of PA have not identified a meaningful relationship between weight gain and PA (Dugas et al, 2014; Ebersole et al, 2008; Luke et al, 2014; Swinburn, Sacks & Ravussin, 2009; Tataranni et al, 2003). The debate over the primary determinants of the worldwide obesity epidemic is more than simply academic; understanding obesity’s etiology is critical for informing policy and allocating scarce public health funding.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accelerometer-measured physical activity is not associated with two-year weight change in African-origin adults from five diverse populations

Dugas

Kliethermes

Plange‐Rhule

et al. 2017

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BackgroundIncreasing population-levels of physical activity (PA) is a controversial strategy for managing the obesity epidemic, given the conflicting evidence for weight loss from PA alone per se. We measured PA and weight change in a three-year prospective cohort study in young adults from five countries (Ghana, South Africa, Jamaica, Seychelles and USA).MethodsA total of 1,944 men and women had baseline data, and at least 1 follow-up examination including measures of anthropometry (weight/BMI), and objective PA (accelerometer, 7-day) following the three-year study period. PA was explored as 1-minute bouts of moderate and vigorous PA (MVPA) as well as daily sedentary time.ResultsAt baseline; Ghanaian and South African men had the lowest body weights (63.4 ± 9.5, 64.9 ± 11.8 kg, respectively) and men and women from the USA the highest (93.6 ± 25.9, 91.7 ± 23.4 kg, respectively). Prevalence of normal weight ranged from 85% in Ghanaian men to 29% in USA men and 52% in Ghanaian women to 15% in USA women. Over the two-year follow-up period, USA men and Jamaican women experienced the smallest yearly weight change rate (0.1 ± 3.3 kg/yr; −0.03 ± 3.0 kg/yr, respectively), compared to South African men and Ghanaian women greatest yearly change (0.6.0 ± 3.0 kg/yr; 1.22 ± 2.6 kg/yr, respectively). Mean yearly weight gain tended to be larger among normal weight participants at baseline than overweight/obese at baseline. Neither baseline MVPA nor sedentary time were associated with weight gain. Using multiple linear regression, only baseline weight, age and gender were significantly associated with weight gain.DiscussionFrom our study it is not evident that higher volumes of PA alone are protective against future weight gain, and by deduction our data suggest that other environmental factors such as the food environment may have a more critical role.

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Energy Expenditure and Adiposity in Nigerian and African‐American Women

Cited by 44 publications

References 37 publications

Deficiency of the RIIβ subunit of PKA affects locomotor activity and energy homeostasis in distinct neuronal populations

Deficiency of the RIIβ subunit of PKA affects locomotor activity and energy homeostasis in distinct neuronal populations

Comparison of BMI and Physical Activity Between Old Order Amish Children and Non-Amish Children

Accelerometer-measured physical activity is not associated with two-year weight change in African-origin adults from five diverse populations

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