Energy Expenditure and Nutritional Status of Sailors During One Month of Extensive Physical Training

Abstract

The present study was conducted to determine nutritional requirements during extensive physical training by sailors of Indian Navy. A total of 37 sailors who were undergoing physical trainers course at training establishment of Indian Navy participated in this study. Energy expenditure, energy intakes, nutrient status and body composition changes during one month of training were recorded. Mean energy expenditure was found to be 4035 kcal/day ± 733 kcal/day and an average intake of 4478 kcal/day ± 340 kcal/day with sufficient amount of micro and macronutrients. The level of vitamin and minerals in blood and their excretion were in the normal range. Body composition was also maintained with a marginal decrease in body fat content. Increase in grip strength of passive hand was observed (Basal: 41.5 kg ± 8.8 kg, after 1 month of training: 46.5 kg ± 6.1 kg). Results indicate adequate nutritional support from the diet and positive effects of the training on health.

Are humans evolved specialists for running in the heat? Man vs. horse races provide empirical insights

“…The black trend line is the best linear fit accounting for multiple measures within studies; it is dashed to indicate non‐significance ( P = 0.15). References to these data are: (Ainslie et al., 2002; Beals et al., 2019; Bircher et al., 2006; Bourrilhon et al., 2009; Castellani et al., 2006; Clemente‐Suárez, 2015; Coker et al., 2018; Costa et al, 2014; Diaz et al., 1991; Ebine et al., 2002; Edwards et al., 1993; Forbes‐Ewen et al., 1989; Frykman et al., 2003; Fudge et al., 2006; Geesmann et al., 2014; Glace et al., 2002; Hill and Davies, 2001; Hoyt et al., 1991; Hoyt et al., 1994; Hulton et al., 2010; Johnson et al., 2017; Jones et al., 1993; Knechtle et al., 2010; Knechtle et al., 2011; Koehler et al., 2011; Margolis et al., 2013; Margolis et al., 2016; Mudambo et al., 1997; Mullie et al., 2018; Plasqui et al., 2019; Pulfrey and Jones, 1996; Rehrer et al., 2010; Reynolds et al., 1999; Ryder et al, 2004; Schulz et al., 1992; Sjodin et al., 1994; Stroud, 1998; Stroud et al., 1993; Stroud et al., 1997; Verma et al., 2018; Westerterp et al., 1986; Westerterp et al., 1992; Westerterp et al., 1994)…”

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