Energy Expenditure in Men and Women during 54 h of Exercise and Caloric Deprivation

Castellani, John W.; DeLany, James P.; O’Brien, Catherine; Hoyt, Reed W.; Santee, William R.; Young, Andrew

doi:10.1249/01.mss.0000218122.59968.eb

Cited by 50 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…A study of Marine recruits participating in a demanding physically demanding 54 h training exercise also found that men and women performing similar high-intensity activities had similar weight-specific TEEs (men 350 AE 40 kJ/kg per day; women 340 AE 40 kJ/kg per day) [15]. Notably, the relative contribution of fat mass to TEE among the Norwegian cadets was nearly 90% in the women compared with 74% in the men, indicating marked sex differences in fat substrate utilization during this demanding training [6 ].…”

Section: Norwegian Ranger Trainingmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Study populations range from Norwegian cadets participating in a training course that involves a week of food and sleep deprivation and approximately 23 h/day of marching and other activities [4, 5,6 ], to soldiers participating in 8 weeks of physically demanding US Army Ranger training, in which sleep is restricted to 4 h/day and food is in short supply [7,8]. Others have studied long-range patrols by Swedish ski troops [9], hot weather training by Zimbabwean recruits [10], and a variety of other extremes [11][12][13][14][15] (see Table 1). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Field studies of exercise and food deprivation

Hoyt

Friedl

2006

Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition &Amp; Metabolic Care

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Purpose of reviewThe increase in obesity in developed societies drives interest in the interplay of energy intake, metabolic energy expenditure, and body energy stores. A better understanding of energy management in physically active and undernourished humans should help guide strategies to manage obesity safely and effectively. This review focuses on field studies of men and women engaged in prolonged strenuous activities, ranging from ranger training to extreme expeditions. Recent findingsAlthough scientifically unconventional and limited, field studies of exercise and food deprivation have yielded interesting findings: 4-5% body fat is the normal lower limit to fat reserves in physically active underfed young adult men, and in response to exercise and underfeeding, women used more fat mass and less fat-free mass to meet metabolic fuel requirements. Summary Field studies have shown that fat energy reserves in young adult men can be estimated as percentage body fat minus 5%, and initial body fat mass has a significant positive influence on fat oxidation rates per kilogram of fat-free mass during rapid weight loss associated with underfeeding and exercise. Data logging pedometers, activity monitors, global positioning systems, and wireless body and personal-area networks promise to make it easier to study and care for free-living humans. Keywords body composition, free-living, negative energy balance, physical work, semi-starvation, soldiers

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Section: Norwegian Ranger Trainingmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Field studies of exercise and food deprivation

Hoyt

Friedl

2006

Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition &Amp; Metabolic Care

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“…Nine further studies using ingestible sensors in sports or occupational settings involving physical activity were reviewed to assess the utility of the technology for field-based exercise applications. [24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32] From the outset, it should be noted that surprisingly few validation studies have delimited an acceptable level of agreement between methods. Gant et al 19 delimited a systematic bias of .0.1˚C between T intestinal and T rectal as being practically important in affecting decisions made on an individual's thermal status.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32] Table 4 illustrates these studies and indicates the increasing use of the technology with five of the nine studies published in 2006. [28][29][30][31][32] Six field-based studies have used ingestible sensors to measure T c during diverse sporting activities. 25 27 28 30-32 The studies provide unique and ecologically valid T c data and show the efficacy of the method, as all data were obtained during training sessions 27 31 or actual competitive events.…”

Section: Applications Of the Ingestible Temperature Sensormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…28 30 32 Additionally, three studies have used ingestible temperature sensors to investigate potential hypothermia and hyperthermia during occupational activity, 24 26 29 such as saturation diving in sea-water depths up to 160 m 26 and during 54 h of sustained Marine Corps cold weather training exercises. 29 The utility of the technology is readily shown in providing, in some cases, continuous T c data in logistically challenging scenarios and often in extreme environments.…”

Section: Applications Of the Ingestible Temperature Sensormentioning

confidence: 99%

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The ingestible telemetric body core temperature sensor: a review of validity and exercise applications

Byrne

Lim²

2006

Br J Sports Med

370

302

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An ingestible telemetric temperature sensor for measuring body core temperature (T c ) was first described 45 years ago, although the method has only recently gained widespread use for exercise applications. This review aims to (1) use Bland and Altman's limits of agreement (LoA) method as a basis for quantitatively reviewing the agreement between intestinal sensor temperature (T intestinal ), oesophageal temperature (T oesophageal ) and rectal temperature (T rectal ) across numerous previously published validation studies; (2) review factors that may affect agreement; and (3) review the application of this technology in field-based exercise studies. The agreement between T intestinal and T oesophageal is suggested to meet our delimitation for an acceptable level of agreement (ie, systematic bias ,0.1˚C and 95% LoA within ¡0.4˚C). The agreement between T intestinal and T rectal shows a significant systematic bias .0.1˚C, although the 95% LoA is acceptable. T intestinal responds less rapidly than T oesophageal at the start or cessation of exercise or to a change in exercise intensity, but more rapidly than T rectal . When using this technology, care should be taken to ensure adequate control over sensor calibration and data correction, timing of ingestion and electromagnetic interference. The ingestible sensor has been applied successfully in numerous sport and occupational applications such as the continuous measurement of T c in deep sea saturation divers, distance runners and soldiers undertaking sustained military training exercises. It is concluded that the ingestible telemetric temperature sensor represents a valid index of T c and shows excellent utility for ambulatory field-based applications.

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Daily energy expenditure and water turnover in female netball players from the Netball Super League: A doubly labeled water observation study

Costello,

Jones,

Roe

et al. 2024

European Journal of Sport Science

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To establish the criterion‐assessed energy and fluid requirements of female netball players, 13 adult players from a senior Netball Super League squad were assessed over 14 days in a cross‐sectional design, representing a two‐ and one‐match microcycle, respectively. Total energy expenditure (TEE) and water turnover (WT) were measured by doubly labeled water. Resting and activity energy expenditure were measured by indirect calorimetry and Actiheart, respectively. Mean 14‐day TEE was 13.46 ± 1.20 MJ day−1 (95% CI, 12.63–14.39 MJ day−1). Resting energy expenditure was 6.53 ± 0.60 MJ day−1 (95% CI, 6.17–6.89 MJ day−1). Physical activity level was 2.07 ± 0.19 arbitrary units (AU) (95% CI, 1.95–2.18 AU). Mean WT was 4.1 ± 0.9 L day−1 (95% CI, 3.6–4.7 L day−1). Match days led to significantly greater TEE than training (+2.85 ± 0.70 MJ day−1; 95% CI, +1.00– +4.70 MJ day−1; p = 0.002) and rest (+4.85 ± 0.70 MJ day−1; 95% CI, +3.13–+6.56 MJ day−1; p < 0.001) days. Matches led to significantly greater energy expenditure (+1.85 ± 1.27 MJ; 95% CI, +0.95–+2.76 MJ day−1; p = 0.001) than court‐based training sessions. There was no significant difference in TEE (+0.03 ± 0.35 MJ day−1; 95% CI, −0.74–+0.80 MJ day−1; p = 0.936) across weeks. Calibrated Actiheart 5 monitors underestimated TEE (−1.92 ± 1.21 MJ day−1). Energy and fluid turnover were greatest on match days, followed by training and rest days, with no difference across weeks. This study provides criterion‐assessed energy and fluid requirements to inform dietary guidance for female netball players.

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Energy Expenditure in Men and Women during 54 h of Exercise and Caloric Deprivation

Abstract: For both men and women, total energy expenditures were among the highest observed for a military FEX. TEE, when normalized or corrected to body mass and fat-free mass, and PAL were the same for men and women.

Cited by 50 publications

References 30 publications

Field studies of exercise and food deprivation

Field studies of exercise and food deprivation

The ingestible telemetric body core temperature sensor: a review of validity and exercise applications

Daily energy expenditure and water turnover in female netball players from the Netball Super League: A doubly labeled water observation study

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