Energy expenditure, metabolic power and high speed activity during linear and multi-directional running

Abstract

Estimated energy expenditure and time at high metabolic power can reflect changes in internal load. However, micro-technology cannot be used to determine the energy cost of intermittent running.

Metabolic Power in Team Sports - Part 2: Aerobic and Anaerobic Energy Yields

“…It turned out to be rather close to the overall amount of O 2 consumed simultaneously determined by means of a portable metabolic cart. We therefore think that the disagreement between the energetic parameters estimated from GPS data and the corresponding values obtained by means of portable metabolic carts recently reported by several authors [1,2,4,10] may be due, at least in part, to the fact that the preliminary versions of our approach implicitly assumed that, on the pitch, the players' displacements occur exclusively running. In addition, these previous versions, at variance with the more recent ones, did not take into consideration the effects of air resistance on the energy cost of running, a fact that is likely responsible for an (albeit minor) underestimate of the metabolic power obtained by means of GPEXE® as compared to that directly determined via metabolic carts.…”

“…These data strongly support the theoretical approach described above. However, in view of the many critical observations and conflicting experimental outcomes reported by several authors [1,2,4,10], an additional series of experiments were performed in which the running speed and the corresponding instantaneous acceleration were continuously monitored by GPEXE® (Cassirame et al, in preparation). The energy cost of both running and walking episodes, as well as the metabolic power and the VO 2 time course, were then estimated by means of the same set of equations described in the accompanying paper [7].…”

“…We will also show that the information obtained can be utilized to assess overall energy expenditure, fractions derived from aerobic and anaerobic sources, and the duration and metabolic power of high-and low-intensity episodes, thus yielding a more accurate picture of the time course of the metabolic load during a soccer match than can be obtained from speed and/or acceleration alone. Finally, the simplified assumptions that underlie the updated version of our approach will be summarized in the concluding section, together with possible reasons for the discrepancies between the energetic parameters estimated from GPS data and the corresponding values obtained via portable metabolic carts as reported by several recently published studies [1,2,4,10].…”

Modelling Movement Energetics Using Global Positioning System Devices in Contact Team Sports: Limitations and Solutions

“…The application of di Prampero's et al [62] energetic model to intermittent team sports has recently been questioned [66][67][68] based on observed differences between estimates of energy expenditure and metabolic power modelled from a runner's acceleration profile [62] and those derived from indirect calorimetry (open-circuit spirometry). Using the model of di Prampero et al [62], systematic underestimations of mean metabolic power between 23% (exercise) and 85% (recovery) were reported during an intermittent soccer-specific circuit [66].…”

“…Additionally, based on its derivation, the model assumes the runner's limbs move in a direction, rate and amplitude synonymous with uphill/downhill treadmill running. As such, when the athlete changes their gait to accommodate possession of a soccer ball [66], changes direction rapidly [68][69] and/or performs repeated collisions/tackling efforts [67], the model will not accommodate the associated increased energy expenditure attributable to the greater muscular work done in these tasks compared to forward running.…”