Energy Expenditure of Constant- and Variable-Intensity Cycling

Haakonssen, Eric; Martin, David T.; Burke, Louise M.; Jenkins, David G.

doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e31828e18e6

Cited by 14 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The recommendations note that cycling is often a moderate activity, with estimates that it would require four to seven calories per minute while cycling (Pate et al, 1995). Although many studies are focused on the health benefits of cycling, most tests of the calories spent during cycling are conducted in the lab, which does not have stop signs and other features one would find in the community (e.g., Haakonssen et al, 2013). A study that included both lab and community measures of cycling found that cyclists tend to ride faster in the lab and when they were wearing a measuring mask than when they were keeping diary entries of cycling (De Geus et al, 2007).…”

Section: 0 Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in bicycling over time associated with a new bike lane: Relations with kilocalories energy expenditure and body mass index

Brown

Tharp

Tribby

et al. 2016

Journal of Transport & Health

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Although bicycling has been related to positive health indicators, few studies examine health-related measures associated with non-competitive community cycling before and after cycling infrastructure improvements. This study examined cycling changes in a neighborhood receiving a bike lane, light rail, and other “complete street” improvements. Participants wore accelerometers and global positioning system (GPS) data loggers for one week in both 2012 and 2013, pre- and post- construction completion. Participants sampled within 2 km of the complete street improvements had the following patterns of cycling: never cyclists (n=434), continuing cyclists (n= 29), former cyclists (n=33, who bicycled in 2012 but not 2013), and new cyclists (n=40, who bicycled in 2013 but not 2012). Results show that all three cycling groups, as identified by GPS/accelerometry data, expended more estimated kilocalories (kcal) of energy per minute during the monitoring week than those who were never detected cycling, net of control variables. Similar but attenuated results emerged when cycling self-report measures were used. BMI was not related to cycling group but those who cycled longer on the new path had lower BMI. Although cyclists burn more calories than non-cyclists across the week, among cyclists, their cycling days involved more calories expended than their non-cycling days. The new cyclists account for 39% of the cyclists identified in this study and former cyclists account for 32% of cyclists. These results suggest that cycling is healthy, but that sustaining rates of cycling will be an important goal for future policy and research.

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Section: 0 Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in bicycling over time associated with a new bike lane: Relations with kilocalories energy expenditure and body mass index

Brown

Tharp

Tribby

et al. 2016

Journal of Transport & Health

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show abstract

“…Various ways to estimate EE in the field have been developed, but each method has its own limitations [1]. Unique to the cycling community, power output and gross efficiency (GE) have been used to estimate EE outside of the laboratory [16,19,25,33]. This has become possible through the use of bicyclemounted power meters which allow power to be accurately and precisely measured in the field [4,14,15,19,20,24].…”

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confidence: 99%

“…GEs of 20 and 25 % have been used to estimate EE when a laboratory-derived GE is not determined [2,25,33]. However, it is well documented that individual mean GEs derived from graded exercise tests (GXTs) vary across individuals from 17.3 to 22.6 % during typical cycling power outputs [7,16,20,27,28]. Considering this range, utilizing an individual's mean GE will improve the accuracy of estimating EE.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, Haakonssen et al [16] demonstrated that a group mean GE of 19 % in 9 female National Australian Team road cyclists accurately estimated the group mean EE during variableintensity cycling [16]. But the accuracy of estimating an individual's EE was improved when using each individual's mean GE value (average GE value from 4 workloads) [16]. Despite the improvement, using an individual's mean GE still overlooks the changes in GE at different power outputs.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Neglecting to consider this relationship between GE and power at these lower power outputs will underestimate EE for any athlete -competitive or recreational -using a bicyclemounted power meter. In their study, Haakonssen et al [16] used individualized, linear, power-specific GE relationships (developed from 4 cycling intensities) to estimate EE. This improved the accuracy of estimating EE during 10.5 min of variable-intensity cycling, however, the linear regression used by these authors does not best characterize the curvilinear GE-power relationship from low to high power outputs [11,12,16].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Estimating Energy Expenditure using Individualized, Power-Specific Gross Efficiencies

et al. 2016

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Our purpose was to determine if using an individual's power-specific gross efficiency improves the accuracy of estimating energy expenditure from cycling power. 30 subjects performed a graded cycling test to develop 4 gross efficiencies: individual power-specific gross efficiencies, a group mean power-specific gross efficiency, individual fixed gross efficiencies, and a group mean fixed gross efficiency. Energy expenditure was estimated from power using these different gross efficiencies and compared to measured energy expenditure during moderate- and hard-intensity constant-power and 2 variable-power cycling bouts. Estimated energy expenditures using individual or group mean power-specific gross efficiencies were not different from measured energy expenditure across all cycling bouts (p>0.05). To examine the intra-individual variability of the estimates, absolute difference scores (absolute value of estimated minus measured energy expenditure) were compared, where values closer to zero represent more accurate individual estimates. The absolute difference score using individual power-specific gross efficiencies was significantly lower compared to the other gross efficiencies across all cycling bouts (p<0.01). Significant and strong correlations (r≥0.97, p<0.001) were found across all cycling bouts between estimated and measured energy expenditures using individual power-specific gross efficiencies. In conclusion, using an individual's power-specific gross efficiency significantly improves their energy expenditure estimate across different power outputs.

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Patterns of energy availability of free-living athletes display day-to-day variability that is not reflected in laboratory-based protocols: Insights from elite male road cyclists

Taylor

Garabello

Pugh

et al. 2022

Journal of Sports Sciences

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Energy Expenditure of Constant- and Variable-Intensity Cycling

Cited by 14 publications

References 36 publications

Changes in bicycling over time associated with a new bike lane: Relations with kilocalories energy expenditure and body mass index

Changes in bicycling over time associated with a new bike lane: Relations with kilocalories energy expenditure and body mass index

Estimating Energy Expenditure using Individualized, Power-Specific Gross Efficiencies

Patterns of energy availability of free-living athletes display day-to-day variability that is not reflected in laboratory-based protocols: Insights from elite male road cyclists

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