Energy Generation from Horse Husbandry Residues by Anaerobic Digestion, Combustion, and an Integrated Approach

Abstract

Horse-related activities often occur close to urban areas, where acreage for horse manure disposal is scarce, and subsequently alternative recovery options are necessary. Anaerobic digestion, direct combustion, and the integrated generation of solid fuel and biogas from biomass (IFBB) process are potential techniques focusing on energy provision. In this study, samples of horse faeces were analysed for chemical composition as pure feedstock and in mixture with straw or wood shavings, as well as for energy yield by biogas production or from combustion of solid fuel. It was observed that chemical properties of faeces, in a mixture with wood shavings, were promising for direct combustion, but achieved low methane yields. The methane yield of pure faeces and the straw mixture was 222.33 ± 13.60 and 233.01 ± 31.32 l N ·kg −1 volatile solids (VS) added , respectively. The IFBB process divided the biomass into a press cake with reduced mineral concentration and a press fluid. Methane yields of press fluids were low (108.2 l N ·kg −1 VS added , on average). The chemical composition of the press cake allowed for combustion and led to a higher gross energy potential than anaerobic digestion (two-fold higher for pure manure and the mixture with straw, and five-fold higher for the mixture with shavings). Consequently, the gross energy potential of IFBB is higher compared to anaerobic digestion, however it should be noted that local conditions might favour the implementation of anaerobic digestion.

Impact of Biogas and Waste Fats Methyl Esters on NO, NO2, CO, and PM Emission by Dual Fuel Diesel Engine

“…In response to the depletion of natural energy resources and an increase in CO 2 emissions resulting from the combustion of fossil fuels, research on biomass fuel production is carried out worldwide [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]. The resulting different quality biodiesel liquid fuels [24][25][26][27][28], as well as biogas [29,30] nevertheless constitute a significant source of energy [31][32][33][34][35], especially for small farms. In such situations, a dual fuel combustion engine powering a generator [36,37] alternative, significantly limiting a farm's demand for energy from external sources and increasing level of independence of the indicated energy sources.…”

Aqueous Leaching Prior to Dewatering Improves the Quality of Solid Fuels from Grasslands

“…IFBB has proven its ability to work with a range of residual biomass types that are currently not used for human consumption or animal forage, but rather are left to decay on the field and roadsides or are composted. The system was tested with biomass from roadside verges [12], leaves from parks [13,14] and streets [15], horse manure [16], cuttings from sports fields [17] and late cuts of semi-natural grassland invaded by the alien plant species Lupinus polyphyllus [18]. A life cycle assessment was carried out and proved the sustainability of the IFBB system [19].…”