Energy imbalance: obesity, associated comorbidities, prevention, management and public health implications

Jehan, Shazia; Zizi, Ferdinand; Pandi‐Perumal, Seithikurippu R.; McFarlane, Samy I.; Jean‐Louis, Girardin; Myers, Alyson

doi:10.15406/aowmc.2020.10.00321

Cited by 26 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 192 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Obesity is a state of abnormal fat accumulation resulting from converting excess energy in the body to fat. It is caused by an energy imbalance caused by changes in various complex factors from hormones to dietary or lifestyle habits [1][2][3]. Although the World Health Organization has designated obesity as a disease, a major public health issue that requires prevention and management, the prevalence of obesity has rapidly increased worldwide [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MEK6 Overexpression Exacerbates Fat Accumulation and Inflammatory Cytokines in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity

Lee

2021

IJMS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Obesity is a state of abnormal fat accumulation caused by an energy imbalance potentially caused by changes in multiple factors. MEK6 engages in cell growth, such as inflammation and apoptosis, as one of the MAPK signaling pathways. The MEK6 gene was found to be related to RMR, a gene associated with obesity. Because only a few studies have investigated the correlation between MEK6 and obesity or the relevant mechanisms, we conducted an experiment using a TgMEK6 model with MEK6 overexpression with non-Tg and chow diet as the control to determine changes in lipid metabolism in plasma, liver, and adipose tissue after a 15-week high-fat diet (HFD). MEK6 overexpression in the TgMEK6 model significantly increased body weight and plasma triglyceride and total cholesterol levels. p38 activity declined in the liver and adipose tissues and lowered lipolysis, oxidation, and thermogenesis levels, contributing to decreased energy consumption. In the liver, lipid formation and accumulation increased, and in adipose, adipogenesis and hypertrophy increased. The adiponectin/leptin ratio significantly declined in plasma and adipose tissue of the TgMEK6 group following MEK6 expression and the HFD, indicating the role of MEK6 expression in adipokine regulation. Plasma and bone-marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) of the TgMEK6 group increased MEK6 expression-dependent secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines but decreased levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines, further exacerbating the results exhibited by the diet-induced obesity group. In conclusion, this study demonstrated the synergistic effect of MEK6 with HFD in fat accumulation by significantly inhibiting the mechanisms of lipolysis in the adipose and M2 associated cytokines secretion in the BMDM.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MEK6 Overexpression Exacerbates Fat Accumulation and Inflammatory Cytokines in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity

Lee

2021

IJMS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Comorbidities associated with obesity affect nearly all physiological systems and lead to serious health complications including mortality and a lowered quality of life. Obesity contributes to a growing list of health complications including insulin resistance, cardiovascular diseases, airway dysfunctions, metabolic syndrome, kidney disease, osteoarthritis, skin diseases, reproductive disorders, and cancer ( 3 , 4 ) and death from COVID-19 ( 5 ). In addition to physiological comorbidities, the burden of obesity affects the individual’s psychological well-being, leading to higher stress and depression.…”

Section: Obesity Is a Serious Problemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The CDC reported the national obesity-related cost to be $147 billion in 2008, however, more recent data from 2014 estimates the cost of obesity and its comorbidities to be closer to $2 trillion dollars ( 10 , 11 ). It is estimated that the annual cost of obesity in the U.S will rise $48-66 billion each year throughout 2030 ( 4 ). Therefore, the severe consequences of obesity on both individual and population-level health demand that urgent attention be paid to this worsening pandemic.…”

Section: Obesity Is a Serious Problemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obesogens: How They Are Identified and Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Their Action

Mohajer

Checkcinco

et al. 2021

Front. Endocrinol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Adult and childhood obesity have reached pandemic level proportions. The idea that caloric excess and insufficient levels of physical activity leads to obesity is a commonly accepted answer for unwanted weight gain. This paradigm offers an inconclusive explanation as the world continually moves towards an unhealthier and heavier existence irrespective of energy balance. Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are chemicals that resemble natural hormones and disrupt endocrine function by interfering with the body’s endogenous hormones. A subset of EDCs called obesogens have been found to cause metabolic disruptions such as increased fat storage, in vivo. Obesogens act on the metabolic system through multiple avenues and have been found to affect the homeostasis of a variety of systems such as the gut microbiome and adipose tissue functioning. Obesogenic compounds have been shown to cause metabolic disturbances later in life that can even pass into multiple future generations, post exposure. The rising rates of obesity and related metabolic disease are demanding increasing attention on chemical screening efforts and worldwide preventative strategies to keep the public and future generations safe. This review addresses the most current findings on known obesogens and their effects on the metabolic system, the mechanisms of action through which they act upon, and the screening efforts through which they were identified with. The interplay between obesogens, brown adipose tissue, and the gut microbiome are major topics that will be covered.

show abstract

“…Obesity is a complex and multifactorial disease currently affecting 650 million people worldwide and represents one of the largest problems facing public health in modern societies. Similar to other chronic diseases, it has been linked to several health complications, including dyslipidemia, hypertension, insulin resistance (IR), type 2 diabetes (T2D), heart disease and strokes, sleep apnoea and cancer, which are responsible for the significant morbidity and mortality associated with this global epidemic [ 1 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass on Mitochondrial Biogenesis and Dynamics in Leukocytes of Obese Women

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The chronic low-grade inflammation widely associated with obesity can lead to a prooxidant status that triggers mitochondrial dysfunction. To date, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is considered the most effective strategy for obese patients. However, little is known about its molecular mechanisms. This interventional study aimed to investigate whether RYGB modulates oxidative stress, inflammation and mitochondrial dynamics in the leukocytes of 47 obese women at one year follow-up. We evaluated biochemical parameters and serum inflammatory cytokines -TNFα, IL6 and IL1β- to assess systemic status. Total superoxide production -dHe-, mitochondrial membrane potential -TMRM-, leucocyte protein expression of inflammation mediators -MCP1 and NF-kB-, antioxidant defence -GPX1-, mitochondrial regulation—PGC1α, TFAM, OXPHOS and MIEAP- and dynamics -MFN2, MNF1, OPA1, FIS1 and p-DRP1- were also determined. After RYGB, a significant reduction in superoxide and mitochondrial membrane potential was evident, while GPX1 content was significantly increased. Likewise, a marked upregulation of the transcription factors PGC1α and TFAM, complexes of the oxidative phosphorylation chain (I–V) and MIEAP and MFN1 was observed. We conclude that women undergoing RYGB benefit from an amelioration of their prooxidant and inflammatory status and an improvement in mitochondrial dynamics of their leukocytes, which is likely to have a positive effect on clinical outcome.

show abstract

Energy imbalance: obesity, associated comorbidities, prevention, management and public health implications

Cited by 26 publications

References 192 publications

MEK6 Overexpression Exacerbates Fat Accumulation and Inflammatory Cytokines in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity

MEK6 Overexpression Exacerbates Fat Accumulation and Inflammatory Cytokines in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity

Obesogens: How They Are Identified and Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Their Action

Impact of Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass on Mitochondrial Biogenesis and Dynamics in Leukocytes of Obese Women

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About