Energy input is primary controller of methane bubbling in subarctic lakes

Wik, M.; Thornton, Brett F.; Bastviken, David; MacIntyre, Sally; Varner, R. K.; Crill, Patrick

doi:10.1002/2013gl058510

Cited by 119 publications

(149 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Weather events such as drops in air pressure have been shown to affect CH4 fluxes (Casper et al, 2000;Mattson & Likens, 1990;Wik et al, 2013) and, in some studies, precipitation events have resulted in an increase in CH4 and CO2 in lakes (López Bellido et al, 2012;Ojala et al, 2011;Rantakari & Kortelainen, 2005). Increased CH4 production in response to increased temperature has been shown in many laboratory studies (Duc et al, 2010;Segers, 1998;Zeikus & Winfrey, 1976) and some field studies Wik et al, 2014;Yvon-Durocher et al, 2014). The production of CO2 in sediments has also been shown to increase with temperature (Gudasz et al, 2010;Marotta et al, 2014).…”

Section: Why Is Spatio-temporal Variability a Concern?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Freshwater methane and carbon dioxide fluxes : Spatio-temporal variability and an integrated assessment of lake and stream emissions in a catchment

Natchimuthu¹

2016

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Section: Why Is Spatio-temporal Variability a Concern?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Freshwater methane and carbon dioxide fluxes : Spatio-temporal variability and an integrated assessment of lake and stream emissions in a catchment

Natchimuthu¹

2016

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“…Decreased atmospheric pressure results in bubble expansion, which enhances buoyancy force and entails bubble rise (Chen and Slater, 2015). The negative correlation of water and mat temperature with CH 4 and CO 2 fluxes from the pond and CH 4 flux and ER of the floating mat (Tables 1 and 2) was unexpected, as it is consensus that temperature is an important positive control on these fluxes (Pelletier et al, 2014;Roulet et al, 1997;Sachs et al, 2010;Wik et al, 2014). Also the potential effect of wind speed on CH 4 and CO 2 fluxes from the pond was ambiguous.…”

Section: Controls On Ch 4 and Co 2 Fluxesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Summer fluxes of methane and carbon dioxide from a pond and floating mat in a continental Canadian peatland

et al. 2016

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Abstract. Ponds smaller than 10 000 m2 likely account for about one-third of the global lake perimeter. The release of methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) from these ponds is often high and significant on the landscape scale. We measured CO2 and CH4 fluxes in a temperate peatland in southern Ontario, Canada, in summer 2014 along a transect from the open water of a small pond (847 m2) towards the surrounding floating mat (5993 m2) and in a peatland reference area. We used a high-frequency closed chamber technique and distinguished between diffusive and ebullitive CH4 fluxes. CH4 fluxes and CH4 bubble frequency increased from a median of 0.14 (0.00 to 0.43) mmol m−2 h−1 and 4 events m−2 h−1 on the open water to a median of 0.80 (0.20 to 14.97) mmol m−2 h−1 and 168 events m−2 h−1 on the floating mat. The mat was a summer hot spot of CH4 emissions. Fluxes were 1 order of magnitude higher than at an adjacent peatland site. During daytime the pond was a net source of CO2 equivalents to the atmosphere amounting to 0.13 (−0.02 to 1.06) g CO2 equivalents m−2 h−1, whereas the adjacent peatland site acted as a sink of −0.78 (−1.54 to 0.29) g CO2 equivalents m−2 h−1. The photosynthetic CO2 uptake on the floating mat did not counterbalance the high CH4 emissions, which turned the floating mat into a strong net source of 0.21 (−0.11 to 2.12) g CO2 equivalents m−2 h−1. This study highlights the large small-scale variability of CH4 fluxes and CH4 bubble frequency at the peatland–pond interface and the importance of the often large ecotone areas surrounding small ponds as a source of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere.

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“…Emitting pathways such as ebullition remain poorly understood and quantified. There is a need for systematic measurements from a suite of sites reflecting the diversity of lake morphologies to better understand the short-term biological control on ebullition variability (Wik et al, 2014). Similarly more local measurements using continuous-laser-based techniques would allow refining the estimation of geological methane emissions.…”

Section: Regional Methane Emissions Per Source Categorymentioning

confidence: 99%

The global methane budget 2000–2012

Saunois

Bousquet

Poulter

et al. 2016

Earth Syst. Sci. Data

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948

733

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Abstract. The global methane (CH 4 ) budget is becoming an increasingly important component for managing realistic pathways to mitigate climate change. This relevance, due to a shorter atmospheric lifetime and a stronger warming potential than carbon dioxide, is challenged by the still unexplained changes of atmospheric CH 4 over the past decade. Emissions and concentrations of CH 4 are continuing to increase, making CH 4 the second most important human-induced greenhouse gas after carbon dioxide. Two major difficulties in reducing uncertainties come from the large variety of diffusive CH 4 sources that overlap geographically, and from the destruction of CH 4 by the very short-lived hydroxyl radical (OH). To address these difficulties, we have established a consortium of multi-disciplinary scientists under the umbrella of the Global Carbon Project to synthesize and stimulate research on the methane cycle, and producing regular (∼ biennial) updates of the global methane budget. This consortium includes atmospheric physicists and chemists, biogeochemists of surface and marine emissions, and socio-economists who study anthropogenic emissions. Following Kirschke et al. (2013), we propose here the first version of a living review paper that integrates results of top-down studies (exploiting atmospheric observations within an atmospheric inverse-modelling framework) and bottom-up models, inventories and data-driven approaches (including process-based models for estimating land surface emissions and atmospheric chemistry, and inventories for anthropogenic emissions, data-driven extrapolations). . Top-down inversions consistently infer lower emissions in China (∼ 58 Tg CH 4 yr −1 , range 51-72, −14 %) and higher emissions in Africa (86 Tg CH 4 yr −1 , range 73-108, +19 %) than bottom-up values used as prior estimates. Overall, uncertainties for anthropogenic emissions appear smaller than those from natural sources, and the uncertainties on source categories appear larger for top-down inversions than for bottom-up inventories and models.The most important source of uncertainty on the methane budget is attributable to emissions from wetland and other inland waters. We show that the wetland extent could contribute 30-40 % on the estimated range for wetland emissions. Other priorities for improving the methane budget include the following: (i) the development of process-based models for inland-water emissions, (ii) the intensification of methane observations at local scale (flux measurements) to constrain bottom-up land surface models, and at regional scale (surface networks and satellites) to constrain top-down inversions, (iii) improvements in the estimation of atmospheric loss by OH, and (iv) improvements of the transport models integrated in top-down inversions.

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Energy input is primary controller of methane bubbling in subarctic lakes

Cited by 119 publications

References 37 publications

Freshwater methane and carbon dioxide fluxes : Spatio-temporal variability and an integrated assessment of lake and stream emissions in a catchment

Freshwater methane and carbon dioxide fluxes : Spatio-temporal variability and an integrated assessment of lake and stream emissions in a catchment

Summer fluxes of methane and carbon dioxide from a pond and floating mat in a continental Canadian peatland

The global methane budget 2000–2012

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