The electron spin resonance (ESR) of nanoscale molecular magnet V15 is studied. Since the Hamiltonian of V15 has a large Hilbert space and numerical calculations of the ESR signal evaluating the Kubo formula with exact diagonalization method is difficult, we implement the formula with the help of the random vector technique and the Chebyshev polynominal expansion, which we name the double Chebyshev expansion method. We calculate the temperature dependence of the ESR intensity of V15 and compare it with the data obtained in experiment.As another complementary approach, we also implement the Kubo formula with the subspace iteration method taking only important low-lying states into account. We study the ESR absorption curve below 100K by means of both methods. We find that side peaks appear due to the Dzyaloshinsky-Moriya interaction and these peaks grows as temperature decreases.
KEYWORDS: electron spin resonance, molecular magnetsThe V 15 molecule is the complex of formulaSince Müller and Döring synthesized this molecule for the first time, 1-5) V 15 has been studied intensively as one of promising nanometerscale molecular magnets. In V 15 , fifteen 1/2 spins of vanadium ions are arranged almost on a sphere. The triangle cluster with three spins is sandwiched by the upper and lower hexagons. In experiment, an adiabatic change of the magnetization has been observed in a fast sweeping field.6-8) In a slow sweeping field, an interesting magnetic plateau appears. This phenomenon, called the phonon bottleneck effect, is due to an effect of contact with thermal bath, 6, 7) and also theoretically analyzed from a general viewpoint of the magnetic Foehn effect.9) Since the magnetization changes smoothly at zero field from −1/2 to 1/2 when the field is swept adiabatically at low temperatures, the gap between the ground state and the lowest excited state at zero field is believed to open. The most plausible origin of the gap is the Dzyaloshinsky-Moriya (DM) interaction.8, 10-14) Around 2.8T, the ground state magnetization changes from 1/2 to 3/2. This change also occurs smoothly, and this broadness of the change is also considered to be caused by the DM interaction.7) However, the detail of the mechanism of this broad change is not fully understood yet.
15, 16)One possible way to determine the mechanism of adiabatic change in V 15 is that we compare the numerically obtained ESR absorption curve of V 15 with the experimentally obtained one. With this motivation, in this paper, we establish numerical methods to study the ESR absorption curve obtained from the model Hamiltonian of V 15 . The ESR absorption curve is calculated by the Kubo formula in theory.17, 18) The direct implementation * E-mail address: machida@iis.u-tokyo.ac.jp † E-mail address: tiitaka@riken.jp ‡ E-mail address: miya@spin.phys.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp of the Kubo formula is to diagonalize the Hamiltonian matrix.19) However, this direct method is impossible in most cases because the dimension of the Hilbert space is quite large. For example, it is 2 15 = 32768 for...