Energy-limited wireless networking with directional antennas: the case of session-based multicasting

Abstract

We consider ad hoc wireless networks that use directional antennas and have limited energy resources. The performance objectives of such networks depend largely on the application. However, a robust performance measure is the total traffic volume that the network can deliver when all nodes are equipped with a finite and non-renewable amount of energy. We show that the network's lifetime can be extended significantly by incorporating a simple measure of a node's residual energy into the node's cost function. To explore quantitatively the advantage offered by the use of directional antennas over the case of omnidirectional antennas, we consider the case of connectionoriented multicast traffic. Building upon our prior work on multicasting algorithms, we introduce two protocols that exploit the use of directional antennas and evaluate their performance. We observe significant improvement with respect to the omnidirectional case.

Hybrid power saving technique for wireless sensor networks

“…However, directional antennas focus radio frequency (RF) energy in a particular direction where it is needed [14]. Wieselthier et al [7] proposed that using directional antennas can conserve power by concentrating transmission energy in a specific direction.…”

Effect of Realistic Physical Layer on Energy Efficient Broadcast Protocols for Wireless Ad Hoc Networks

“…1, only j, l can receive the signal, while k cannot receive the signal. Applying the incremental power philosophy to network with directional antennas, the Directional Broadcast Incremental Power (DBIP) algorithm [6] has very good performance in energy saving. Our work has been inspired by recent research work made in [7][8][9][10].…”

Construction of power efficient routing tree for ad hoc wireless networks using directional antenna

“…The first algorithm is a refinement of D-BIP [2], where the node with the minimum incremental cost is added at each step, while taking the adjustable antenna beam width into consideration (see Figure 1). The actual beam angle that is used has to exceed a minimum beam angle minAngle.…”

“…On the other hand, 1 The work was supported in part by a grant from Motorola Inc. and NSF grants CCR 0329741, ANI 10073736, and EIA 0139806. some power-aware routing approaches select routes that avoid nodes with low remaining power, which can be either absolute or relative power level. Different metrics may well lead to different algorithms, but they can also be combined to achieve a balance, thus optimizing overall energy consumption without depleting crucial nodes [5] [2]. Recently, the use of directional antenna was proposed in order to reduce interference and to further increase power efficiency, because ideally, power consumed in case of directional antenna is only…”

“…The former simply adds a beamreducing step to the original BIP algorithm, so that each node can now transmit at its smallest possible angle. The latter incorporates the use of directional antenna at each step of the tree construction, i.e, a node in the tree could also increase its current transmission beam angle or shift the existing beam to reach a new destination node, in addition to increasing its transmission power, whichever gives the lowest incremental cost [2]. In our study, we try to find different centralized routing algorithms for broadcasting with the use of directional antenna.…”