“…The obtained results showed well justification with experimental data of Sandia National Laboratory collector test facility. The energy losses by conduction and convection in annular solar receivers are studied and reported a considerable amount of heat losses due to conduction at Ra < 1000 and both conduction and convection heat losses at Ra > 1000 in the annular space [22]. A simplified method for estimating long duration performance of concentrating and non-concentrating solar collectors is described and concluded that yet for small temperature applications, concentrating collector can perform better than the flat plate collector [23].…”