Energy Management for Smart Grids With Electric Vehicles Based on Hierarchical MPC

Kennel, Fabian; Görges, Daniel; Liu, Steven

doi:10.1109/tii.2012.2228876

Cited by 194 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…An intermediate controller and administrator defined (using the term in (Guille and Gross 2009)) as "the aggregator" gathers information of battery SOC, plug-in and plug-out time and predicted arrival and next charging time from smart interfaces of each EV and communicate with the dispatching center. Then LFC signals are dispatched to the EVs via the aggregator (Kennel, Görges, and Liu 2013). Authors in (Shimizu et al 2010) discussed an LFC scheme utilizing the BES of electric vehicles as a means to reduce the overall requirement of BESS.…”

Section: Coordinated Aggregate Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The issue of SOC limits was tackled in (Kennel, Görges, and Liu 2013) by developing an energy management system using Hierarchical Model Predictive Control (HiMPC) to support frequency regulation of a smart grid of a city. The studied system includes intermittent renewable energy sources as well as conventional generators.…”

Section: Coordinated Aggregate Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exploitation of Battery Energy Storage in Load Frequency Control -A Literature Survey

Zurfi¹,

Zhang²

2016

American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences

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Deregulation of the electricity market and the continued attempts by the international community to reduce the effects of global climate change have resulted in a rapid increase in the usage of different renewable forms of energy such as the wind and solar energy. The availability of such renewables is highly sporadic in nature. Consequently, their integration into the power system is a practice not without unfavorable impacts on the stability of the power system. The stability of the power system frequency is vulnerable to sudden imbalances between generation and demand. Therefore, the intermittent generation from the renewables imposes undesirable frequency fluctuations. Load Frequency Control (LFC) is the control scheme responsible for restoring system frequency to its rated value after any generation-demand imbalance that causes the frequency to deviate from the rated value. Therefore, efficient and fast LFC techniques are crucial. Utilization of Battery Energy Storage (BES) is one of the techniques applied to improve the performance of LFC due to its distinctive characteristics of fast response and high energy density. This paper is aimed to provide a succinct and comprehensive literature survey of the different concepts and strategies of the utilization of battery energy storage systems for LFC services. The study was conducted by reviewing, collating and interpreting numerous research papers on the relevant topics. Based on the BES scale, location, control, ownership and coordination with the system operator, the existing strategies are classified into two main categories: Grid-Scale Systems (GSS) and Load-Scale Systems (LSS). The LSS category is subclassified as Coordinated Aggregate Systems and Non-Coordinated Individual Systems. The survey theoretically discussed the advantages and disadvantages of each category from a technical perspective.

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Section: Coordinated Aggregate Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Coordinated Aggregate Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploitation of Battery Energy Storage in Load Frequency Control -A Literature Survey

Zurfi¹,

Zhang²

2016

American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences

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“…The hydrogen produced by the electrolyzer is stored in the hydrogen tank. In the hydrogen tank model, the hydrogen available in the tank is obtained from the rate of incoming and outgoing hydrogen, taking into account the ideal gas equation [2]. The PEM FC uses the hydrogen available in the tank in order to produce electrical energy.…”

Section: Hydrogen Subsystemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several control strategies for FC vehicles [2]- [5] were evaluated by using this reduced model. In this reduced model, the FC voltage depends on the cell voltage and number of cells [1], [5].…”

Section: Hydrogen Subsystemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Management System Control for a Hybrid Non-conventional Energy Sources using Hysteresis Switching Algorithm

Devi¹,

Saravanapriyan²

2015

IJAREEIE

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Renewable energy sources play an important role in electrical energy generation. The drawbacks of Renewable energy sources have been overcome by the use of hybrid power generating unit. A typical hybrid renewable energy system (HRES) combines several renewable energy sources such as wind turbine (WT) and photovoltaic (PV) panels as primary energy sources and an energy storage system (ESS) based on fuel cell and battery. All of the energy sources are connected together to a central dc bus by means of power converters. This paper includes a supervisory control called hysteresis switching algorithm which determines the power that must be generated by/stored in the fuel cell and battery, taking into account the control demand by the grid, the offered power, the hydrogen reservoir point and the state-of-charge (SOC) of the battery. The proposed EMS is compared with classical EMS composed of state based supervisory control system based on states and inverter control system based on PI controller. Dynamic simulation results of the proposed EMS demonstrate the better performance than the classical EMS.

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“…Recently, real-time V2G control has emerged as a promising future research direction [23][24][25][26]. Also, real-time control strategies for EVs in participation of frequency regulation are still actively pursued [27][28][29][30]. Furthermore, substantial research efforts have been dedicated to battery management in V2G applications, such as battery models and state estimation [31,32].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Topology of a Bidirectional Converter for Energy Interaction between Electric Vehicles and the Grid

2014

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Abstract:In vehicle-to-grid (V2G) systems, electric vehicles interact with the grid as distributed energy storage systems that offer many potential benefits. As an energy interface between a vehicle and the grid, the bidirectional converter plays a crucial role in their interaction. Its reliability, safety, cost, efficiency, weight, size, harmonics, and other factors are of essential importance for V2G realization, especially for on-board operations. Beyond the common existing topologies for bidirectional chargers, this paper introduces a novel high-power-factor bidirectional single-stage full-bridge (BSS-FBC) topology, which offers advantages in power density, size, weight, cost, efficiency, power quality, dynamic characteristic, reliability, and complexity. Its operational principles and control strategies are presented. Harmonic analysis on the basis of double-Fourier integral is performed with detailed comparison of line current harmonic characteristics between the BSS-FBC topology and unipolar/bipolar controlled single-phase pulse width modulation (PWM) converters. A dynamic model of the topology is derived, its dynamic behavior analyzed, and its compensator design method developed. Simulation and experimental results are employed to verify the design and analysis. Design considerations for the key parameters are discussed. A 3.3 kW prototype is developed for this topology and validated in its vehicle applications. The results demonstrate clearly the benefits and advantages of the new topology.

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Energy Management for Smart Grids With Electric Vehicles Based on Hierarchical MPC

Cited by 194 publications

References 30 publications

Exploitation of Battery Energy Storage in Load Frequency Control -A Literature Survey

Exploitation of Battery Energy Storage in Load Frequency Control -A Literature Survey

Energy Management System Control for a Hybrid Non-conventional Energy Sources using Hysteresis Switching Algorithm

Topology of a Bidirectional Converter for Energy Interaction between Electric Vehicles and the Grid

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