Energy management in crowned sifakas (<i>Propithecus coronatus</i>) and the timing of reproduction in a seasonal environment

Pichon, Claire; Simmen, Bruno

doi:10.1002/ajpa.22786

Cited by 9 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…This trend was also observed by the generalist Propithecus (Pichon & Simmen, 2015;Sato et al, 2015). This trend was also observed by the generalist Propithecus (Pichon & Simmen, 2015;Sato et al, 2015).…”

supporting

confidence: 76%

“…Diet switching is a strategy used by slow lorises seems to be a response to variations in food availability. This trend was also observed by the generalist Propithecus (Pichon & Simmen, 2015;Sato et al, 2015). Eulemur spp., fruit specialists, did not employ diet switching, but instead resorted to a cathemeral lifestyle and increase total foraging time (Sato et al, 2015).…”

supporting

confidence: 69%

“…Quantitative feeding ecology research has allowed for a deeper understanding of primates' differing strategies to seasonality (Norscia, Carrai, & Borgognini-Tarli, 2006). The framework of nutritional geometry (FNG) has allowed for in-depth analyses of how species react during lean seasons as population or refined sex-specific strategies, especially concerning reproductive costs (Ganzhorn, 2002;Pichon & Simmen, 2015;Rothman, Dierenfeld, Hintz, & Pell, 2008). The FNGs unique characteristic allows the simultaneous portrayal of an animal's response to resource availability.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The seasonal feeding ecology of the javan slow loris (nycticebus javanicus)

Cabana

Dierenfeld²,

Wirdateti

et al. 2017

American J Phys Anthropol

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The strategy used by the Javan slow lorises during periods of lower food availability were similar to folivorous primates and included increased dependence on lower quality foods. The reproductive costs of gestation and lactation may place a burden on females that requires them to alter their foraging strategy during the dry season to ensure enough protein and overall energy is ingested. The overall strategy used by these exudativorous primates is one of nutrient maximization as no nutrient was clearly preferred over another.

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supporting

confidence: 76%

supporting

confidence: 69%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The seasonal feeding ecology of the javan slow loris (nycticebus javanicus)

Cabana

Dierenfeld²,

Wirdateti

et al. 2017

American J Phys Anthropol

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“…Food production tends to be lower in the dry season. 64,65 Arid conditions can also decrease food quality resulting in reductions in individual health and lower population densities (gray-brown mouse lemurs [Microcebus griseorufus] 66 ), although increased rainfall seasonality has also been shown to correlate with increased leaf quality. 67 More severe droughts and longer dry seasons also lead to decreased reproduction (northern muriquis and brown woolly monkeys [Lagothrix lagotricha] 62 ).…”

Section: Time Series Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…46 Leaves in particular may emerge as a research focal point as a primary dietary item for folivores and an important fallback food for many frugivores. 46 Recent studies that examine changes in nutrient composition of primate foods and leaf quality over time 65,80 provide valuable models for how knowledge may be advanced in this area.…”

Section: How Is Climate Change Affecting Functional Aspects Of Food?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the state of knowledge of contemporary climate change and primates

Bernard

Marshall

2020

Evolutionary Anthropology

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In recent years, interest in understanding the effects of climate change on species and ecological systems has sharply increased. We quantify and contextualize the current state of knowledge about the effects of contemporary climate change on non‐human primates, a taxon of great ecological and anthropological significance. Specifically, we report findings from a systematic literature search designed to assess the allocation of research effort on primates and climate change and consider how the current distribution of knowledge may be influencing our understanding of the topic. We reveal significant phylogenetic and geographic gaps in our knowledge, which is strongly biased towards lemurs, apes, and a relatively small subset of primate range countries. We show that few analyses investigate changes in primate foods relative to changes in primates themselves or their habitats, and observe that few longitudinal datasets are of sufficient duration to detect effects on the generational scale. We end by identifying areas of research inquiry that would advance our theoretical understanding of primate ecology, evolution, and adaptability, and meaningfully contribute to primate conservation.

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Activity budget and seasonal activity shifts in sympatric lemurs: Increased lean season effort in a cathemeral frugivore contrasts with energy conservation in a diurnal folivore

Rahalinarivo,

Rakotomanana,

Randrianasy

et al. 2023

American J Primatol

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One of the most fundamental aspects of a species’ behavioral strategy is its activity budget; for primates this generally involves the allocation of available time among resting, feeding, traveling, and social behavior. Comparisons between species, populations, or individuals can reveal divergences in adaptive strategies and current stressors, and reflect responses to such diverse pressures as predation, thermoregulation, nutrition, and social needs. Further, variation across seasons is an important part of behavioral strategies to survive food scarcity; this can involve increasing or decreasing effort. We documented activity over the 24‐h cycle for the cathemeral, frugivorous Eulemur fulvus and the diurnal, folivorous Propithecus diadema across 13–18 months at Tsinjoarivo, Madagascar. Their activity budgets were dominated by resting (E. fulvus: 74.1%; P. diadema: 85.2%), followed by feeding (15.8%, 12.4%), traveling (9.31%, 1.74%) and social activities (0.76%, 0.70%), respectively. The lower feeding and higher resting in P. diadema likely reflect slower gastrointestinal transit and higher reliance on microbial fermentation to extract energy from fibrous food. The two species showed opposite lean season strategies. E. fulvus increased activity, with more feeding but less travel time, consistent with a shift to less‐profitable fruits, and some leaves and flowers, while increasing feeding effort to compensate (“energy maximizing”). P. diadema showed less variation across months, but the lean season still evoked reduced effort across the board (feeding, travel, and social behavior), consistent with a “time minimizing” strategy prioritizing energy conservation and microbe‐assisted digestion. Understanding these divergent shifts is key to understanding natural behavior and the extent of behavioral flexibility under stressful conditions. Finally, the complex patterns of fruit availability (intra‐ and interannually) and the species’ behavioral responses across months underscore the need to move beyond simplistic “lean/abundant season” and “fruit/leaf” dichotomies in understanding underlying energetic strategies, and species’ vulnerability to habitat change.

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Energy management in crowned sifakas (Propithecus coronatus) and the timing of reproduction in a seasonal environment

Cited by 9 publications

References 57 publications

The seasonal feeding ecology of the javan slow loris (nycticebus javanicus)

The seasonal feeding ecology of the javan slow loris (nycticebus javanicus)

Assessing the state of knowledge of contemporary climate change and primates

Activity budget and seasonal activity shifts in sympatric lemurs: Increased lean season effort in a cathemeral frugivore contrasts with energy conservation in a diurnal folivore

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