Energy Management of Solar-Powered Aircraft-Based High Altitude Platform for Wireless Communications

Arum, Steve Chukwuebuka; Grace, David; Mitchell, Paul; Zakaria, Muhammad D.; Morozs, Nils

doi:10.3390/electronics9010179

Cited by 35 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 36 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Solar cell development is another aspect of the energy subsystem witnessing significant improvements with the development of ultra-thin solar cells with conversion efficiency up to 37.75% [27]. Despite these improvements, the current state of the art in energy storage is not sufficient for wireless communications from HAPs, especially in areas higher up the northern hemisphere, due to the relatively low energy storage density and the limited payload capabilities of the currently available platforms [48]. Secondly, one of the key aspects of HAPs as highlighted in [8], [21] is HAP-based antennas capable of producing multiple beams.…”

Section: B Chronology Of Haps For Wireless Communicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of wireless communication using high-altitude platforms for extended coverage and capacity

Arum

Grace

Mitchell

2020

Computer Communications

Self Cite

106

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This paper provides an up-to-date review of wireless communications service provisioning in rural or remote areas from High-Altitude Platforms (HAPs) exploiting cellular radio spectrum. With the recent International Telecommunication Union (ITU) report showing that as much as 74% of the population in Africa, most of which are living in rural areas, do not have access to broadband, this paper focuses on the potential of using HAPs as an alternative to terrestrial systems for wireless communication in rural communities. Considering the typically low user densities in rural areas and the importance of HAP coverage maximization while ensuring harmless coexistence with terrestrial systems in rural areas, this paper explores extending the achievable wireless coverage from a HAP. This takes into consideration the coexistence of a HAP with terrestrial systems using intelligent techniques to dynamically manage radio resources and mitigate interference. Studies have shown that efficient intelligent radio resource and topology management can minimize inter-system interference and ensure coexistence with improved system performance. Potential techniques for coverage extension such as exploiting the spatial characteristics of array antennas, radio environment maps (REMs) and deviceto-device (D2D) communications are discussed. Generally, this paper presents a comprehensive review of significant HAP related studies and their outcomes.

show abstract

Section: B Chronology Of Haps For Wireless Communicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of wireless communication using high-altitude platforms for extended coverage and capacity

Arum

Grace

Mitchell

2020

Computer Communications

Self Cite

106

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This is primarily due to the absence of clouds in the stratosphere, which enables utilizing solar energy effectively. Arum et al (2020b) investigate the feasibility of utilizing solar power for long endurance, semi-permanent HAPS missions. The results show that the services of a HAPS node can be provided for a duration of 15-24 h/day with wingspans ranging between 25 and 35 m. Other recent energy supply initiatives propose utilizing hydrogen power as a means to provide a long HAPS endurance and better environmental impact (Consultants, 2020).…”

Section: A Energy Requirementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cloud-Enabled High-Altitude Platform Systems: Challenges and Opportunities

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Augmenting ground-level communications with flying networks, such as the high-altitude platform system (HAPS), is among the major innovative initiatives of the next generation of wireless systems (6G). Given HAPS quasi-static positioning at the stratosphere, HAPS-to-ground and HAPS-to-air connectivity frameworks are expected to be prolific in terms of data acquisition and computing, especially given the mild weather and quasi-constant wind speed characteristics of the stratospheric layer. This paper explores the opportunities stemming from the realization of cloud-enabled HAPS in the context of telecommunications applications and services. The paper first advocates for the potential physical advantages of deploying HAPS as flying data-centers, also known as super-macro base stations. The paper then describes various cloud services that can be offered from the HAPS and the merits that can be achieved by this integration, such as enhancing the quality, speed, and range of the offered services. The proposed services span a wide range of fields, including satellites, Internet of Things (IoT), ad hoc networks (such as sensor; vehicular; and aerial networks), gaming, and social networks. For each service, the paper illustrates the methods that would be used by cloud providers to offload the service data to the HAPS and enable the cloud customers to consume the service. The paper further sheds light on the challenges that need to be addressed for realizing practical cloud-enabled HAPS, mainly, those related to high energy, processing power, quality of service (QoS), and security considerations. Finally, the paper discusses some open issues on the topic, namely, HAPS mobility and message routing, HAPS security via blockchain and machine learning, artificial intelligence-based resource allocation in cloud-enabled HAPS, and integration with vertical heterogeneous networks.

show abstract

“…In the application of UAV, most of the EMS are aimed at energy saving and emission reduction [21][22][23], including some research on the exploiting of solar energy [23], which is a very green and promising research field. However, as the current technology is not mature enough and extremely dependent on the natural conditions, it cannot be widely used.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Management of Hybrid UAV Based on Reinforcement Learning

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In order to solve the flight time problem of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV), this paper proposes a set of energy management strategies based on reinforcement learning for hybrid agricultural UAV. The battery is used to optimize the working point of internal combustion engines to the greatest extent while solving the high power demand issues of UAV and the response problem of internal combustion engines. Firstly, the decision-making oriented hybrid model and UAV dynamic model are established. Owing to the characteristics of the energy management strategy (EMS) based on reinforcement learning (RL), which is an intelligent optimization algorithm that has emerged in recent years, the complex theoretical formula derivation is avoided in the modeling process. In terms of the EMS, a double Q learning algorithm with strong convergence is adopted. The algorithm separates the state action value function database used in derivation decisions and the state action value function-updated database brought by the decision, so as to avoid delay and shock within the convergence process caused by maximum deviation. After the improvement, the off-line training is carried out with a large number of flight data generated in the past. The simulation results demonstrate that the improved algorithm can show better performance with less learning cost than before by virtue of the search function strategy proposed in this paper. In the state space, time-based and residual fuel-based selection are carried out successively, and the convergence rate and application effect are compared and analyzed. The results show that the learning algorithm has stronger robustness and convergence speed due to the appropriate selection of state space under different types of operating cycles. After 120,000 cycles of training, the fuel economy of the improved algorithm in this paper can reach more than 90% of that of the optimal solution, and can perform stably in actual flight.

show abstract

Energy Management of Solar-Powered Aircraft-Based High Altitude Platform for Wireless Communications

Cited by 35 publications

References 36 publications

A review of wireless communication using high-altitude platforms for extended coverage and capacity

A review of wireless communication using high-altitude platforms for extended coverage and capacity

Cloud-Enabled High-Altitude Platform Systems: Challenges and Opportunities

Energy Management of Hybrid UAV Based on Reinforcement Learning

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About