Energy metabolism and nutrient oxidation in young pigs and rats during feeding, starvation and re-feeding

Chwalibog, A.; Jakobsen, K.; Tauson, Anne‐Helene; Thorbek, G.

doi:10.1016/j.cbpb.2005.01.010

Cited by 23 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Humans are able to mobilize endogenous resources and metabolically adapt to periods of food deprivation extending over 60 d (Cahill et al, 1966;Owen et al, 1969), utilizing increased fatty acid production within the first several days, followed by increased ketone body production. Similar patterns of substrate use have been shown in pigs fasted for periods of 4 d using indirect calorimetry (Chwalibog et al, 2004(Chwalibog et al, , 2005 and confirmed by endocrinological measures (Barb et al, 1997). Results from the current study followed this pattern as shown by increased NEFA within 27 h of deprivation and increased ketone body concentration at 45 and 57 h. The measurement of NEFA in the current study was a measure of total NEFA and did not take into account individual fatty acid types; however, we can estimate that the composition of total NEFA in the fasted pig was 75% palmitic, steric, and oleatic acid (Freeman et al, 1970).…”

supporting

confidence: 61%

Assessing the adaptation of swine to fifty-seven hours of feed deprivation in terms of behavioral and physiological responses1

Toscano

Lay

Craig³

et al. 2007

Journal of Animal Science

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Dramatic changes in the livestock industry have brought about widespread concern regarding the welfare of animals in terms of the hunger that they may experience. Despite this concern, animal science has not been able to provide a methodology that can objectively determine whether the welfare of animals is compromised by hunger. The current work sought to provide data that characterized the physiological and behavioral responses of animals experiencing 57 h of food deprivation. For this purpose, 2 separate experiments were conducted, in which physiological or behavioral measures were collected from swine deprived of feed for 21 to 57 h or fed normally (physiology, n = 20/treatment; behavior, n = 8/treatment). Treatment x time interactions were found (P < 0.02) for insulin, beta-hydroxybutyrate, NEFA, drinking, standing, inactivity, lying sternal, lying lateral, and total lying. Animals appeared to adjust appropriately to the metabolic challenge imposed, as suggested by increases in alternative energy substrates (NEFA, beta-hydroxybutyrate). Additionally, feed-deprived animals appeared less active than control animals until after 45 h of feed deprivation, when the former appeared to be more active. Our results suggest that feed deprivation of finishing pigs for durations greater than 45 h produced behavioral changes that may be related to increased sensations of hunger and which possibly are dependent on the use of alternative energetic substrates. Our data link behavioral and physiological changes after the imposition of feed deprivation.

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supporting

confidence: 61%

Assessing the adaptation of swine to fifty-seven hours of feed deprivation in terms of behavioral and physiological responses1

Toscano

Lay

Craig³

et al. 2007

Journal of Animal Science

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“…RE was calculated as the difference between daily ME intake and mean HP during the 5-d balance period. RE as protein (RE p ) was calculated according to Chwalibog et al (2005):…”

Section: Chemical Analysis and Calculationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of experimental methodology on fasting heat production and the net energy content of corn and soybean meal fed to growing pigs

Liu

Jaworski

Zhang

et al. 2014

Archives of Animal Nutrition

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The aim of the three experiments was to evaluated methods to predict fasting heat production (FHP) and to compare methods to determine the net energy (NE) of corn and soybean meal (SBM) fed to growing pigs. To estimate heat production (HP), pigs were housed in respiratory chambers for all experiments. In Experiment 1, six barrows (43.0 ± 1.4 kg body weight [BW]) were fed a Corn-SBM diet for 20 d. The experimental design consisted of following periods: 7 d adaptation, 5 d ad libitum feeding, 3 d feeding at 2 × metabolisable energy (ME) for maintenance (MEm), 3 d feeding at 1 × MEm and 2 d fasting. The FHP was calculated by extrapolating HP measured at the different feeding levels to zero ME intake. The daily FHP [per kg BW(0)(.6)] determined directly after fasting for 24 h and using the regression method was 774 kJ and 694 kJ, respectively. In Experiment 2, 18 barrows (34.3 ± 1.1 kg BW) were randomly allotted to three diets: Diet 1 contained 97.5% corn (direct NE determination of corn); diets 2 and 3 contained 25 % and 15% SBM at the expense of corn, respectively, and were used to calculate the NE of corn by difference. The NE of corn determined directly (13.21 MJ/kg DM) and by difference (13.69 MJ/kg DM) was not different. In Experiment 3, 24 barrows (36.2 ± 1.4 kg BW) were randomly allotted to four diets to determine the effects of different basal diets on the NE content of SBM. The diets were: Basal diet 1 (97.5% corn), Test diet 1 (15% SBM at the expense of corn), Basal diet 2 (contained 72.5% corn and 25% SBM) and Test diet 2 (58% corn and 39.5% SBM). These diets were used to determine the NE of SBM using the Corn-basal diet or the Corn-SBM-basal diet, respectively. It was shown that the estimated NE of SBM did not depend on the used diet (10.04 MJ/kg and 10.62 MJ/kg DM for Basal diet 1 and 2, respectively). In summary, using the regression method to determine FHP results in lower FHP than the fasting method. There was no difference observed in the NE of corn determined directly or by difference, and different basal diets did not affect the NE of SBM.

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“…The whole animal RER will reflect the balance between oxidative and anabolic metabolic pathways in all tissues, and it has been estimated that ϳ12% of dietary carbohydrate is used for de novo lipogenesis in humans fed a mixed meal to satiation (10). An RER Ͼ 1.0 has been reported for overfed humans (1) and in growing animals (9), but the value does not appear to exceed 1.2.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Changes in environmental temperature influence leptin responsiveness in low- and high-fat-fed mice

Harris

Mitchell²,

Kelso³

et al. 2007

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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Loss of body fat in leptin-treated animals has been attributed to reduced energy intake, increased thermogenesis, and preferential fatty acid oxidation. Leptin does not decrease food intake or body fat in leptin-resistant high-fat (HF)-fed mice, possibly due to a failure of leptin to activate hypothalamic receptors. We measured energy expenditure of male C57BL/6 mice adapted to low-fat (LF) or HF diet and infused them for 13 days with PBS or 10 mug leptin/day from an intraperitoneal mini-osmotic pump to test whether leptin resistance prevented leptin-induced increases in energy expenditure and fatty acid oxidation. There was no effect of low-dose leptin infusions on either of these measures in LF-fed or HF-fed mice, even though LF-fed mice lost body fat. Experiment 2 tested leptin responsiveness in LF-fed and HF-fed mice housed at different temperatures (18 degrees C, 23 degrees C, 27 degrees C), assuming that the cold would increase and the hot environment would inhibit food intake and thermogenesis, which could potentially interfere with leptin action. LF-fed mice housed at 23 degrees C were the only mice that lost body fat during leptin infusion, suggesting that an ability to modify energy expenditure is essential to the maintenance of leptin responsiveness. HF-fed mice in cold or warm environments did not respond to leptin. HF-fed mice in the hot environment were fatter than other HF-fed mice, and, surprisingly, leptin caused a further increase in body fat, demonstrating that the mice were not totally leptin resistant and that partial leptin resistance in a hot environment favors positive energy balance and fat deposition.

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Energy metabolism and nutrient oxidation in young pigs and rats during feeding, starvation and re-feeding

Cited by 23 publications

References 17 publications

Assessing the adaptation of swine to fifty-seven hours of feed deprivation in terms of behavioral and physiological responses1

Assessing the adaptation of swine to fifty-seven hours of feed deprivation in terms of behavioral and physiological responses1

Effect of experimental methodology on fasting heat production and the net energy content of corn and soybean meal fed to growing pigs

Changes in environmental temperature influence leptin responsiveness in low- and high-fat-fed mice

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