Energy metabolism and survival of the juvenile recruits of the American lobster (Homarus americanus) exposed to a gradient of elevated seawater pCO2

American lobster postlarvae alter gene regulation in response to ocean warming and acidification

“…analysis indicates that postlarval response to elevated pCO 2 is more pronounced relative to warming than indicated in physiological and morphometric studies reported to date (Agnalt et al, 2013;Keppel et al, 2012;Menu-Courey et al, 2019;Rato et al, 2017;Ries et al, 2009;Small et al, 2015;Waller et al, 2017). for nucleation of CaCO 3 during larval biomineralization (Addadi & Weiner, 1985;Faircloth & Shafer, 2007).…”

Effects of Elevated pCO2 on the Survival and Growth of Portunus trituberculatus

“…Metabolic depression may be a beneficial strategy for crabs to respond to an acute stress ( Langenbuch and Pörtner, 2004 ) suggested in other crabs such as Carcinus maenas juveniles ( Maus et al, 2018 ) and P. cinctipes embryos ( Carter et al, 2013 ), as well as other marine animals ( Reipschläger and Pörtner, 1996 ; Pörtner et al, 1998 ; Michaelidis et al, 2005 ; Nakamura et al, 2011 ) under elevated p CO 2 conditions. OA is capable of enhancing the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which has been found to induce oxidative stress in shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei ( Wang et al, 2009 ), and American lobster, Homarus americanus ( Menu-Courey et al, 2019 ). A significant increase in the hepatopancreas MDA level further supports the oxidative stress response induced by OA.…”

“…Our previous studies have shown that elevated pCO 2 (750 and 1500 µatm) has significant effects on the carapace of juvenile swimming crabs (e.g., a simplified arrangement of spinules, a reduced thickness, and an increased chitin content) (Ren et al, 2017) and their behavior (e.g., an increase in shoal average speed, a preference for dark environments and fast exploration) (Ren et al, 2018). Furthermore, previous studies have reported that OA can induce oxidative stress (Wang et al, 2009;Menu-Courey et al, 2019) and suppress immunity (Hernroth et al, 2012) in other crustaceans. Therefore, a holistic study is needed to advance our understanding of how OA exposure affects the swimming crab.…”

Toward a Mechanistic Understanding of Marine Invertebrate Behavior at Elevated CO2

“…For example, respiration and feeding rate were increased in a copepod exposed to 1,000 µatm pCO 2 (Li and Gao, 2012) and a sea urchin exposed to 1,300 µatm pCO 2 (Rich et al, 2018). However, other studies show a change in metabolism with no associated behavioral change at 750 and 1,200 µatm pCO 2 in an echinoderm (Carey et al, 2016) and at 1,500 µatm pCO 2 in a mollusk (Benítez et al, 2018), or no metabolic change but altered behavior at 960 µatm pCO 2 in a mollusk (Watson et al, 2014) and at 1,000, 2,000, and 3,000 µatm pCO 2 in a crustacean (Menu-Courey et al, 2018). Therefore, it seems that altered metabolism in elevated CO 2 may be responsible for some instances of altered behaviors, but not others.…”