Energy policy and the role of bioenergy in Poland

Nilsson, Lars J; Pisarek, Marcin; Buriak, Jerzy; Oniszk-Popławska, Anna; Bućko, Paweł; Ericsson, Karin; Jaworski, L.

doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2005.03.011

Cited by 40 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The plastic comes from the cords used to train the plants and that are often tangled with the plant material and are not separated at the end of the harvest. The main problem with these plastics are their emissions in the combustion process (Hedman et al, 2006) in addition to the emissions of the plant material itself, the latter being much less harmful than the combustion of any fossil fuel (Abasaeed, 1992;Hall and House, 1995;Misra et al, 1995;Obeng et al, 1997;Danon and Stanojevic, 1998;Muiste and Kask, 1998;Dai et al, 1999;Arbon and Bowell, 2000;Kakareka, 2002;Olsson et al, 2003;Chowdiah and Gowda, 2004;Mendoza et al, 2004;Debdoubi et al, 2005;Bianchi et al, 2006;Nilsson et al, 2006;Katinas et al, 2007;McIlveenWright et al, 2007;Narayanan and Natarajan, 2007;Skoulou and Zabaniotou, 2007;Koa and Chang, 2008;Mirza et al, 2008). However, the emissions exist (Demirbas, 2005) and should be evaluated (Frings et al, 1992;Dolensek, 2004;Elías, 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Briquettes of plant remains from the greenhouses of Almería (Spain)

Callejón-Ferre¹,

López-Martínez

2009

Span. j. agric. res.

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Since ancient times, plant biomass has been used as a primary fuel, and today, with the impending depletion of fossil fuels, these vegetal sources constitute a cleaner alternative and furthermore have a multitude of uses. The aim of the present study is to design a method of recycling and reuse of plant wastes from intensive agriculture under plastic, by manufacturing briquettes in an environmentally friendly manner. In Almería (SE Spain), agriculture generates 769,500 t year -1 of plant remains from greenhouse-grown horticultural crops, a resource currently used for composting and for producing electricity. With the machinery and procedures of the present study, another potential use has been developed by detoxifying and eliminating the plastic wastes of the original biomass for the fabrication of briquettes for fireplaces. The results were slightly inferior to the commercial briquette from other non-horticultural plant materials (no forestry material), specifically 2512 kJ kg -1 , in the least favourable case. On the contrary, the heating value with respect to the two charcoals was significantly lower, with a difference of 12,142 kJ kg -1 . In conclusion; a procedure, applicable in ecological cultivation without agrochemicals or plastic cords, has been developed and tested to reuse and transform plant materials from intensive cultivation into a stable non-toxic product similar to composite logs, applicable in commercial settings or in residential fireplaces.Additional key words: biomass, contamination, horticulture, recycling. Resumen Briquetas de residuos vegetales procedentes de los invernaderos de Almería (España)Desde antaño, la biomasa vegetal se ha utilizado como combustible primario, es más, hoy en día con la disminución de combustibles fósiles es una alternativa más limpia que éstos y con multitud de usos. El objetivo de este trabajo es diseñar un método de reciclado y reutilización de residuos vegetales procedentes de la agricultura intensiva bajo plástico, mediante la fabricación de briquetas, todo ello respetando el medio ambiente. En Almería (sureste de España), la agricultura es capaz de generar 769.500 t año -1 de restos vegetales procedentes de cultivos hortícolas en invernadero, siendo usados actualmente para la obtención de electricidad y compost. Con la maquinaria y procedimientos del presente estudio se ha desarrollado otro posible uso, destoxificando y eliminando los residuos plásticos de la biomasa original para la fabricación de briquetas, y poder destinarlas para combustible de hogares. Los resultados son levemente inferiores a la briqueta comercial procedente de otro residuo vegetal hortícola (no forestal), concretamente de 2.512 kJ kg -1 , en el caso más desfavorable. Por el contrario, el poder calorífico respecto a los dos carbones comunes es significativamente menor, con una diferencia de 12.142 kJ kg -1 . En conclusión, se ha desarrollado y experimentado un procedimiento que permite reutilizar y transformar, a partir de métodos de cultivo ecológico sin agroquímicos y rafias ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Briquettes of plant remains from the greenhouses of Almería (Spain)

Callejón-Ferre¹,

López-Martínez

2009

Span. j. agric. res.

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“…Today, most of Poland's energy needs are met by producing energy from fossil fuels, such as, hard coal and lignite [6,7]. The most recent available data from 2004, indicates that 4.71% of primary energy was from renewable energy and 95% of renewable energy was based on bioenergy in Poland [7].…”

Section: Energy Policy and Bioenergy Goals In Polandmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most recent available data from 2004, indicates that 4.71% of primary energy was from renewable energy and 95% of renewable energy was based on bioenergy in Poland [7]. Poland, as a new member of the EU, has had to develop its legal system in line with EU legislation.…”

Section: Energy Policy and Bioenergy Goals In Polandmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the Polish context the main driver for renewable energy is the EC directive on electricity from RES (2001/77/EC) and consequently the "green" electricity quota implemented by the Polish Government for utilities distributing electricity to the final consumer [7,8]. Based on the requirements set forth in the "green" electricity directive, the Polish Government has formulated an indicative target of 10.4% by 2010 of energy from renewable energy sources in the sales of electricity to final customers (Ministry of Economy, 2006).…”

Section: Energy Policy and Bioenergy Goals In Polandmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Barriers to energy crops in Poland—from the farmers’ perspective

Nilsson¹,

McCormick²,

Ganko³

et al. 2007

WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment, Vol 105

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With the recent expansions of the European Union, there are now 12 new member states that are implementing European policy. One of these policies, with implications for energy production and security, is the Common Agricultural Policy. This article will focus on the impact the Common Agricultural Policy can have on farmers in Poland who have been encouraged by calls to cultivate energy crops. In addition, this article investigates the barriers recognized by farmers in Poland to cultivating energy crops, willow in particular. The identified barriers were grouped into four categories: financial, informational, organisational, and market factors. It was also observed that levels of subsidies for energy crops differ between established member states (EU15) and new member states. Finally, this article discusses how small farmers can create cooperative links and find markets for energy products as one possible step towards increasing Poland's renewable energy production.

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“…According to data from 2007, 51 % of renewable energy comes from hard-coal burning and 14 % from brown coal (http://www.gios.gov.pl/). Almost half of 8-9 million households use local coal-burning heating plants and household furnaces (Nilsson et al 2006). Households are heated using coal of low quality, with high sulfur and ash content and hence of low heating parameters in worn out furnaces which are often unsuitable for the purpose, and this fact is a significant problem in the so-called low emission.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Winter weather conditions vs. air quality in Tricity, Poland

Nidzgorska-Lencewicz

Czarnecka

2014

Theor Appl Climatol

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The principal aim of this paper is to assess the influence of meteorological conditions on the variability of sulfur dioxide and PM10 particulate matter concentration of pollutants during winter with consideration of an excess of admissible standards. The basis for the analysis were hourly concentrations of PM10 and sulfur dioxide as well as the basic meteorological elements automatically recorded at five stations located in the Tricity agglomeration, and operating within the weather station network belonging to the Agency of Regional Air Quality Monitoring in the Gdańsk Metropolitan Area (ARMAAG). The analysis covers the calendar winters (December-February) in the years 2004/2005 through 2009/2010. The variability of the concentrations of both pollutants under certain weather conditions, i.e. air temperature and relative humidity, atmospheric pressure, as well as wind speed and direction, were evaluated by means of cluster analysis using k-means belonging to a group of nonhierarchical cluster analysis method. The composite effect of meteorological conditions on the variability of sulfur dioxide and PM10 concentrations in isolated clusters were determined by multiple linear regression, using a stepwise procedure, at the significance level α=0.05 and α=0.01. The effect of individual weather elements on the pattern of concentration levels was determined using partial regression coefficients. Clusters grouping the highest concentrations of pollutants were characterised, in most cases, by the lowest air temperature and a lower wind speed, and often a higher pressure, and sometimes slightly lower relative air humidity, i.e. the conditions of anticyclonic weather. Weather conditions had a statistically significant effect on the concentrations of both pollutants in all clusters; however, air temperature and wind speed had the crucial role. Thermal conditions were the decisive factor in the winter season 2005/2006 with the most frequent, overnormative daily particulate matter concentration, yet the inversion layers both lower and upper, occurring almost every day in January 2006 also had a significant influence.

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Energy policy and the role of bioenergy in Poland

Cited by 40 publications

References 6 publications

Briquettes of plant remains from the greenhouses of Almería (Spain)

Briquettes of plant remains from the greenhouses of Almería (Spain)

Barriers to energy crops in Poland—from the farmers’ perspective

Winter weather conditions vs. air quality in Tricity, Poland

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