Energy recycling versus lifetime quenching in erbium-doped 3-μm fiber lasers

Optimized design of high power mid-infrared Er^3+, Pr^3+-codoped ZBLAN fiber laser

“…The values of IJ i and ȕ ij can be found in Ref. [13]. W 11 and W 22 represent the ETU parameters for ETU from the 4 I 13/2 and 4 I 11/2 energy levels, respectively.…”

“…We have modified the equation describing the operation of the erbium-doped ZBLAN fiber laser in Ref. [13] to take into account different pump configurations. The local absorption coefficient within the longitudinal spatial element of width ǻl(z) is given by ,…”

“…For singly Er 3+ -doped ZBLAN fiber lasers, it was theoretically shown that the ETU process ( 4 I 13/2 , 4 I 13/2 ) ĺ ( 4 I 15/2 , 4 I 9/2 ) can lead to a fast depletion of the lower laser level and emission of a second photon enabling CW operation and recycling of the energy [12]. In addition, the transition rate for this ETU process increases as the Er 3+ concentration increases and hence the performance of erbium-doped ZBLAN fiber lasers is theoretically better at higher Er 3+ concentrations [13]. Based on this idea, X.S.…”

“…P.S. Golding et al presented a detailed characterization of energy transfer processes in Er 3+ , Pr 3+ -codoped ZBLAN bulk glasses for different Er 3+ and Pr 3+ concentrations [13].…”

Effect of TeO2 addition on thermal stabilities and 2.7 μm emission properties of fluoroaluminate–tellurite glass

“…Over the past few decades, 2.7µm mid-infrared laser has been extensively studieddriven by various useful applications including military weapon, long distance detection, eye-safe laser radarandmedical surgery [1]. Searching for appropriate materials as host for 2.7µm lasersis extremely urgent.…”