Energy Requirements of Pregnancy in Rural Thailand

Thongprasert, Kallaya; Tanphaichitre, Vichai; Valyasevi, Aree; Kittigool, Jeshda; Durnin, J. V. G. A.

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(87)92568-2

Cited by 43 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…(1987) found in Mexico a decline in energy intake from 1831 kcal in the 18th week of pregnancy to 1750 kcal in the 35th week. Thongprasert et al (1986;, however, found in Thailand a significant increase, i.e. an extra daily energy intake of 271 kcal.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Reduction of food intake during pregnancy in rural South India

Hutter

1996

Tropical Med Int Health

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SummaryA common custom in developing countries is reduction of food intake during pregnancy, especially in the last trimester. In the research area in South India, women mentioned that they reduce food intake late in pregnancy. This paper explores whether the reported reduction could be confirmed by quantitative data on food intake; by how much intake was reduced; and whether all women ate less. A group of 186 women in a rural area of Karnataka were followed throughout pregnancy. Most did not achieve the daily food intake recommended by the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), not even that of non-pregnant women. Their average daily energy intake during pregnancy was 1700 kcal. A trend of declining daily energy intake within subjects over the whole period of pregnancy was observed, the biggest change taking place between month 5/6/7 and month 8/9. The major determinant of change in energy intake turned out to be prepregnancy nutritional status, i.e. chronic energy deficiency (CED), measured by body mass index (BMI). Results indicate that women who were better nourished before they became pregnant were more likely to reduce energy intake during pregnancy.keywords food intake, pregnancy, body mass index, India

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Reduction of food intake during pregnancy in rural South India

Hutter

1996

Tropical Med Int Health

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“…The constants for hydration, density and potassium content of FFM used in two-compartment models are not applicable to pregnant women and would lead to erroneous estimations of FFM and FM. For example, applying the usual constant of 0.73 for the hydration of FFM in the TBW method results in an overestimation of maternal FM in late pregnancy, whereas use of 1.1 kg cm 23 for the density of FFM in the hydrodensitometry method results in an underestimation of maternal FM. Corrected constants for the hydration, density and potassium content of FFM in pregnancy have been published 27,28 .…”

Section: Protein and Fat Accretionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy requirements during pregnancy and lactation

Butte

King²

2005

Public Health Nutr.

393

313

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Objective: To estimate the energy requirements of pregnant and lactating women consistent with optimal pregnancy outcome and adequate milk production. Design: Total energy cost of pregnancy was estimated using the factorial approach from pregnancy-induced increments in basal metabolic rate measured by respiratory calorimetry or from increments in total energy expenditure measured by the doubly labelled water method, plus energy deposition attributed to protein and fat accretion during pregnancy. Setting: Database on changes in basal metabolic rate and total energy expenditure during pregnancy, and increments in protein based on measurements of total body potassium, and fat derived from multi-compartment body composition models was compiled. Energy requirements during lactation were derived from rates of milk production, energy density of human milk, and energy mobilisation from tissues. Subjects: Healthy pregnant and lactating women. Results: The estimated total cost of pregnancy for women with a mean gestational weight gain of 12.0 kg, was 321 or 325 MJ, distributed as 375, 1200, 1950 kJ day 21 , for the first, second and third trimesters, respectively. For exclusive breastfeeding, the energy cost of lactation was 2.62 MJ day 21 based on a mean milk production of 749 g day 21, energy density of milk of 2.8 kJ g 21, and energetic efficiency of 0.80. In well-nourished women, this may be subsidised by energy mobilisation from tissues on the order of 0.72 MJ day 21, resulting in a net increment of 1.9 MJ day 21 over nonpregnant, non-lactating energy requirements. Conclusions: Recommendations for energy intake of pregnant and lactating women should be updated based on recently available data.

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“…However, where there is chronic undernutrition, the limits of adaptation might be exceeded and foetal growth become impaired. Inadequate protein and energy intake may be common among some poorer mothers in a developing country and could contribute to foetal growth restraint (Kramer, 1987;Thongprasert et al, 1987). Evidence from studies in rats indicate a negative relationship between maternal protein intake and blood pressure in their offspring (Langley and Jackson, 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between maternal nutritional status and infant’s weight and body proportions at birth

et al. 1997

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Objectives: To examine maternal nutritional status and its relationship to infant weight and body proportions. Design: Retrospective study of births from January±December 1990. Setting: University Hospital of the West Indies, Jamaica. Subjects: Records for 2394 live, singleton births, between 200±305 d gestation. Main outcome measures: Birth weight, crown heel length, head circumference, ponderal index, head circumference:length ratio, placental weight, placental:birth weight ratio. Results: Mothers who were lighter had babies who had lower birth weight, were shorter, had smaller heads and had a higher HC:L ratio. Shorter and thinner women had babies who had lower birth weights, were shorter, had smaller heads and lighter placentas. Thinner women also had babies with a lower placental:birth weight ratio, and their BMI's were not linearly related to ponderal index and HC:L ratio. Women whose ®rst trimester Hb levels were`9.5 g/dl had babies with the lowest birth weight, crown heel length, placental weight and ponderal index. These measurements increased as the Hb levels rose to 12.5 g/dl but then fell at Hb levels b 12.5 g/dl. In the second and third trimester Hb levels were negatively associated with birth weight, crown heel length, head circumference, placenta weight and ponderal index. Conclusions: The data support the hypothesis that poor maternal nutrition is associated with foetal growth restraint. Poor maternal nutrition as indicated by low weight, height, and BMI are associated with smaller, shorter babies with smaller heads. Haemoglobin levels b 12.5 g/dl in pregnancy are associated with lighter, shorter, thinner babies, with smaller heads.

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Energy Requirements of Pregnancy in Rural Thailand

Cited by 43 publications

References 7 publications

Reduction of food intake during pregnancy in rural South India

Reduction of food intake during pregnancy in rural South India

Energy requirements during pregnancy and lactation

Relationship between maternal nutritional status and infant’s weight and body proportions at birth

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