Energy resources of the United States

Theobald, P.K.; Schweinfurth, Stanley P.; Duncan, Donald Cave

doi:10.3133/cir650

Cited by 21 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Since 1909, the national assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources by the federal government has been a recurring labor-intensive task. For examples of these assessments, see: Dolton and others, 1981;Egloff, 1952;Garland, Carrales, and Conway, 1974;Hubbert, 1974;Mast, 1978;Mast and others, 1979Mast and others, , 1988Mast and others, , 1989Mast and 4 others, 1989;Masters, 1979;McCulloh, 1973;Miller and others, 1975;Netschert, 1958;Potential Gas Committee, 1967Pratt and Brobst, 1974;Rice, 1986;Sheldon, 1976;Theobald, Schweinfurth, and Duncan, 1972;U.S. Geological Survey, 1922;U.S.…”

Section: Overview Of Play Analysis Methodology In Petroleum Resource mentioning

confidence: 99%

A suggested rationale and selected bibliography for using rule-based expert computer systems (artificial intelligence) in recurrent petroleum resource assessments

Butler¹

1993

Open-File Report

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hydrates, and tight-gas sands, will be included for the first time in these estimates/reports. Undoubtedly, these inclusions will prove to be an added complexity and challenge to achieving consistent and creditable results. Resource assessment methodology, with or without expert systems, is not precise and probably never will be. Although the methodology is continually evolving and being refined, the work incorporates much subjective judgment and "educated guessing" about the prerequisite geologic factors needed for hydrocarbon accumulation. Undiscovered resources are continually being converted into reserves, and the steady improvements in technology are other factors influencing the validity of resource assessment estimates. Diversity of estimates over time has depended upon the methodology used (Miller, 1986b). Expert systems, however, can provide consistency by forcing the assessors to think about the empirical associations (i.e., addressing and writing the rules required in expert systems) in geology that are prerequisite to hydrocarbon accumulations in sedimentary basins. The theoretical principles of nature and geology are not the fundamental rules of a rule-based system. The inferred relationships and qualities, or "rules of thumb", among source rocks, reservoirs, traps, and timing of generation, migration, and trap formation, for example, are the bases for writing rules. Rules and empirical associations can be codified in expert systems to screen out all cases that are beyond the limits of any plausible existence, or that violate any of the necessary prerequisites for hydrocarbon accumulations. This is not to say that innovative rules cannot be incorporated; they can be added or subtracted at the will of the investigator.

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Section: Overview Of Play Analysis Methodology In Petroleum Resource mentioning

confidence: 99%

A suggested rationale and selected bibliography for using rule-based expert computer systems (artificial intelligence) in recurrent petroleum resource assessments

Butler¹

1993

Open-File Report

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“…Of the estimated 3200 billion short tons (2900 billion metric tons) of remaining coal resources, only half are at depths less than 1000 ft (305 m) (Averill, 1967;Theobold et al, 1972). Only 394 billion short tons (357 billion metric tons) are considered economically recoverable using present coal-rnining techniques (Merklein, 1974).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Energy Recovery from In Situ Coal Gasification

Fischer¹,

Brandenburg²,

Schrider³

1975

Energy Sources

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Estimates of the energy balance for the first underground coal-gasification experiment at Hanna, Wyoming, have been calculated for a 5t-month period from mid-September 1973 through February 1974. Operating results were the most favorable during this period, with d7 gas production rates averaging 1.6 million scf/day (45,300 Nm /day) at an average gas heating value of 126 Btu/scf (1122 kcal/Nm"), The ratio of energy produced to energy consumed in running the experiment was approximately 4, and the overall efficiency was approximately 50%. Use of more efficient air compression equipment and of a system designed for com bustion of low-Btu gas could increase this ratio to 8 and efficiency to 55%. IntroductionIncreasing the portion of our energy supply derived from coal has recently received high priority because of the ever-present threat of loss of our imported oil supplies. A far-reaching government-sponsored coal research program has been in effect for the past few years and is now yielding the technology needed to utilize more fully our vast coal resources. This research program has encompassed a broad range of study, from improved mining methods to removal of sulfur from coal prior to combustion and to development of the technology The authors are with the

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“…Resource assessments were published in USGS Circular 625 (hereafter referred to as Circular 625) by Hendricks (1965), Circular 650 (Theobald and others, 1972), and U.S. Geological Survey News Release (1974). The results of subsequent national resource assessments are contained in Circular 725 (Miller and others, 1975) and Circular 860 (Dolton and others, 1981).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%