Energy-Saving Network Ventilation Technology of Extra-Long Tunnel in Climate Separation Zone

Guo, Chun; Xu, Jianfeng; Yang, Lu; Guo, Xiaoqian; Zhang, Yunlong; Wang, Mingnian

doi:10.3390/app7050454

Cited by 21 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…In addition, the continued use of exhaust fans leads to accelerated wear and tear of their moving parts, resulting in a shortened service life and, consequently, further costs associated with their replacement [ 23 ]. In order to lessen these costs, some researchers have researched the use of natural ventilation in long tunnels, which can lead to savings of up to 40% in smoke extraction costs [ 20 , 21 , 24 ]. According to some research, smoke extraction costs have been quantified as up to 75% of energy costs [ 20 , 21 , 22 ].…”

Section: Gas Measurement In Tunnelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Gas Measurement Practices and Sensors for Tunnels

Cepa

Pavón

Caramés

et al. 2023

Sensors

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The concentration of pollutant gases emitted by traffic in a tunnel affects the indoor air quality and contributes to structural deterioration. Demand control ventilation systems incur high operating costs, so reliable measurement of the gas concentration is essential. Numerous commercial sensor types are available with proven experience, such as optical and first-generation electrochemical sensors, or novel materials in detection methods. However, all of them are subjected to measurement deviations due to environmental conditions. This paper presents the main types of sensors and their application in tunnels. Solutions will also be discussed in order to obtain reliable measurements and improve the efficiency of the extraction systems.

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Section: Gas Measurement In Tunnelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Gas Measurement Practices and Sensors for Tunnels

Cepa

Pavón

Caramés

et al. 2023

Sensors

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“…The ventilation shaft is often used to solve the ventilation problem during the construction period of the cavern group, so as to reduce the length of single-head ventilation. At the same time, natural ventilation can be fully utilized to reduce energy consumption in seasons with large temperature differences between the inside and outside of the cavern [30][31][32][33]. Natural wind flow in the cavern is caused by the temperature difference between the inside and outside of the cavern, horizontal pressure differences between air inlet and outlet points, and natural wind flow outside the cavern.…”

Section: Principle Of Natural Ventilationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reasonable Paths of Construction Ventilation for Large-Scale Underground Cavern Groups in Winter and Summer

et al. 2018

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Forced ventilation or newly built vertical shafts are mainly used to solve ventilation problems in large underground cavern groups. However, it is impossible to increase air supply due to the size restriction of the construction roadway, resulting in ventilation deterioration. Based on construction of the Jinzhou underground oil storage project, we proposed both a summer ventilation scheme and winter ventilation scheme, after upper layer excavation of the cavern is completed and connected with the shaft. A three-dimensional numerical model validated with field test data was performed to investigate air velocity and CO concentration. Fan position optimization and the influence of temperature difference on natural ventilation were discussed. The results show that CO concentration in the working area of the cavern can basically drop to a safe value of 30 mg/m 3 in air inlet and exhaust schemes after 10 min of ventilation. Since there is inevitably a back-flow in the winter ventilation scheme, it is necessary to ensure that airflow is always moving towards the shaft. Optimal placement of the axial flow fan at the shaft bottom is on the central axis of the cavern, 5 m away from the shaft. The greater the temperature difference, the better the natural ventilation effect of the shaft. The natural ventilation effect of the shaft as an outlet in winter, is better than that of the shaft as an inlet in summer. Shantou, Yantai, Qingdao, and Huizhou [4]. Compared with traditional underground engineering such as railway tunnels, highway tunnels, and hydraulic tunnels, the water sealed caverns often have characteristics such as a large section, multiple working faces, high required air volume, and serious pollution. These characteristics put forward high requirements for the rapid and safe construction of underground water sealed caverns and some practical engineering problems that urgently need to be solved. A large amount of harmful gas and dust are released when the drilling and blasting method is used in underground excavation [5,6]. Ventilation time and pollutant concentration are two important indexes for evaluating ventilation schemes in tunnel construction. Although the, "Safety Operation Regulations for Tunnel Drilling and Blasting" stipulates that ventilation time after blasting should not be less than 15 min [7], a specific ventilation time is not clearly defined in the code and the industry usually takes 30 min into account. Moreover, according to hygienic standards of the tunnel construction industry [8,9], the maximum allowable concentration of CO is 30 mg/m 3 . Under special circumstances, the allowable value can be increased to 100 mg/m 3 for workers entering the working face, but the working time must not exceed 30 min. Therefore, rational design and optimization of the ventilation scheme for the underground cavern group is key technology and directly related to project progress and safety of construction workers [10].Numerous studies have been conducted to explore construction ventilation, but mainly in tradit...

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“…1,5 Therefore, tunnels are often the subject of air pollution research with different purposes. The analysis of air pollutant emissions from road vehicles or source apportionment, [6][7][8][9][10] the pollutant composition and species, [11][12][13] the exposure and potential health impacts, [14][15][16][17][18] the efficient removal of pollutants by chemical compositions and catalysts, 19,20 the effect of meteorological parameters and the condition on pollutant dispersion [21][22][23][24] and mechanical ventilation technologies or design principles [25][26][27][28][29] form some important areas of these research. As a result, many parameters such as the ventilation rate, the critical pollutants, the exposure time, the type and peak time of passing cars, the road safety, building material and the geographical position should be considered in tunnel design.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reconnaissance study of air quality in traffic tunnels: A case study of Aba-Saleh Al-Mahdi tunnel, Iran

Tavakoli

2022

Indoor and Built Environment

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Traffic tunnels have the potential to reduce the traffic congestion, but in some cases, they lead to the accumulation of air pollutants. The present study focused on the analysis of chemical and biological pollutants inside and outside of the largest tunnel in Iran. The measurements were done during different hours and days in four seasons (2018–2019). The collected data showed that the inside of the tunnel was more polluted than the outside, and the type, the number of passing cars and the weather condition had an effect on concentrations. Winter, summer and evenings are the most polluted periods. Comparison of data with national and WHO standards revealed that SO2 is a critical pollutant for all periods; NO2 is a problem during summer, winter and evenings. The concentration of PM2.5 exceeded these standards in the evenings. A high correlation between PM2.5 and PM10, in concentration, changes and spatial distribution points to the same emission sources. For biological pollutants, a high microbial population was found during the summer and afternoons. Among the isolated Gram-positive bacterium, the Bacillus sp (38%) and Aspergillus sp (32%) were the highest population of bacteria and fungi, respectively. Measurement results in combination with a high rate of hospital admissions emphasized the poor air quality inside the tunnel and the necessity for the installation of mechanical ventilation systems.

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Energy-Saving Network Ventilation Technology of Extra-Long Tunnel in Climate Separation Zone

Cited by 21 publications

References 16 publications

A Review of Gas Measurement Practices and Sensors for Tunnels

A Review of Gas Measurement Practices and Sensors for Tunnels

Reasonable Paths of Construction Ventilation for Large-Scale Underground Cavern Groups in Winter and Summer

Reconnaissance study of air quality in traffic tunnels: A case study of Aba-Saleh Al-Mahdi tunnel, Iran

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