Energy saving potential of various air-side economizers in a modular data center

Ham, Sang-Woo; Kim, Min‐Hwi; Choi, Byung-Nam; Jeong, Jae-Weon

doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2014.10.066

Cited by 117 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(15 reference statements)

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“…In addition, the operation of the indirect air-side economizer was possible except for a certain period when the SA temperature was set to 22.5 • C. Thus, the annual cooling-energy consumption was reduced to approximately 45% compared to that of the existing central chilled-water system. This result is similar to the annual cooling-energy saving ratio found by Ham et al [21]. This previous study analyzed the cooling-energy consumption for various indirect air-side economizers.…”

Section: Cooling Energy Consumed By Air-side Economizerssupporting

confidence: 76%

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Analysis of Air-Side Economizers in Terms of Cooling-Energy Performance in a Data Center Considering Exhaust Air Recirculation

Park

Seo

2018

Energies

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Abstract:Demand is soaring for data centers with advanced data-processing capabilities. In data centers with high-temperature information technology (IT) equipment, enormous cooling systems are operated year-round. To date, studies have aimed to improve the cooling efficiency of server-room units, but cooling-energy-consumption analysis considering the recirculation of exhaust air (EA) has not been researched to a sufficient degree. This study analyzed the cooling-energy saving effects considering the EA-recirculation and supply-air (SA)-temperature conditions when direct and indirect air-side economizers were applied to a data center in Korea. Thirteen case studies were conducted. The results showed that when the EA-recirculation ratio in the direct air-side economizer was 15%, its annual cooling-energy consumption increased by approximately 6.1% compared to the case with no recirculation. The indirect air-side economizer also exhibited an approximately 9% increase in cooling-energy consumption. On the other hand, when the SA temperature changed to 22 • C, the annual cooling-energy consumption of the direct and indirect air-side economizers decreased by approximately 67% and 55%, respectively, compared to a central chilled-water system. This indicates the importance of developing measures to prevent EA recirculation and of securing a wind path for the improvement of air-conditioning efficiency in data centers at the design stage.

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Section: Cooling Energy Consumed By Air-side Economizerssupporting

confidence: 76%

“…When RA* is less than 13.5 • C, the cooling load of the server rooms is handled only by the indirect air-side economizer. The heat exchanger component model described by Equations (22) and (23) is used [21].…”

Section: Indirect Air-side Economizermentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Air-Side Economizers in Terms of Cooling-Energy Performance in a Data Center Considering Exhaust Air Recirculation

Park

Seo

2018

Energies

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“…Using outdoor cold air for cooling base station is able to save a great amount of power consumption of air conditioning system during the winter and transition season. This cooling technology has alternative processes, i.e., direct fresh air cooling and isolated air heat exchanger systems [17,18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental investigation and economic analysis of gravity heat pipe exchanger applied in communication base station

et al. 2017

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“…With the assistance of active tile fans, they tried to exactly provide the airflow volume required by servers. Taking full advantages of local climate resource, some studies concentrated on saving cooling energy by air-side economizer [30,31]. Khalaj et al [32] conducted cooling energy simulations for nine different air economizers, and carried out measurement for 23 location in Australia.…”

Section: Cooling Subsystem Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic thermal and IT resource management strategies for data center energy minimization

Wan

Yang³

et al. 2017

J Cloud Comp

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Energy-hungry data centers attract researchers' attention to energy consumption minimization-a challenge confronted by both industry and academia. To assure the server reliability, its instantaneous temperature is generally controlled within a preset threshold. Nonetheless, field studies indicated that the occasional violation of extreme temperature constraints hardly affect the system reliability in practice. Therefore, strictly restraining the server temperature may contribute to meaningless energy consumption. As a response to this limitation, this paper presents a dynamic control algorithm without violating the average temperature constraint. We formulate a "soft" Server Temperature-Constrained Energy Minimization (STCEM) problem, where the object function consists of IT and Heat Ventilation & Air Conditioner (HVAC) energy. Based on the Lyapunov optimization, two algorithms, i.e., linear and quadratic control policies, are proposed to approximately solve the STCEM problem. The non-negative weight parameter V is introduced to trade off the energy consumption against server temperature constraint. Furthermore, extensive simulations have been carried out to evaluate the system performance for the proposed controlled algorithms. The experimental results demonstrate that the quadratic control policy outperforms the linear counterpart on the STCEM problem. Specifically, the energy consumption and server temperature constraint are well balanced when V ≈ 5000.

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Energy saving potential of various air-side economizers in a modular data center

Cited by 117 publications

References 13 publications

Analysis of Air-Side Economizers in Terms of Cooling-Energy Performance in a Data Center Considering Exhaust Air Recirculation

Analysis of Air-Side Economizers in Terms of Cooling-Energy Performance in a Data Center Considering Exhaust Air Recirculation

Experimental investigation and economic analysis of gravity heat pipe exchanger applied in communication base station

Dynamic thermal and IT resource management strategies for data center energy minimization

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