Energy saving potentials of modern powertrains utilizing predictive driving algorithms in different traffic scenarios

Abstract

In this article, we analyze the interaction between powertrain technology, predictive driving functionalities, and inner-city traffic conditions. A model predictive velocity control algorithm is developed that utilizes dynamic traffic data as well as static route information to optimize the future trajectory of the considered ego-vehicle. This controller is then integrated into a state-of-the-art simulation environment for automated driving functionalities to calculate energy saving potentials for vehicles with a conventional gasoline engine powertrain and a P3-hybrid powertrain configuration as well as for a battery electric vehicle based on real driving measurements. The comparison of these powertrains under various traffic conditions shows that all three technologies profit from predictive driving functionalities. The determined reduction in energy demand ranges from 15% to more than 40%, but it is highly dependent on the boundary conditions and the selected powertrain technology. Specifically, it is shown that electrified powertrains can profit the most when the time-gap to the preceding vehicle is maintained at a high level. For a conventional powertrain, this effect is less pronounced and can be attributed to the efficiency characteristics of gasoline engines. It can be concluded that the development of advanced predictive driving functionalities requires microscopic simulation of inner-city traffic to achieve optimum results with regard to energy consumption.

Eco-Driving for Different Electric Powertrain Topologies Considering Motor Efficiency

“…The latter incorporates the efficiency of the powertrain. Another widely used technique is the minimization of squared acceleration, especially in car-following scenarios, due to the quadratic formulation of the problem and thereby fast optimization methods [15][16][17].…”

“…Efficiency gains are higher for more transient speed profiles of the leading vehicle, showing the impact of the chosen boundary conditions. Wegener et al [17] determine the eco-driving potential of different powertrains by optimizing the speed by minimizing acceleration. The gained speed profile is used to calculate the energy consumption of the different powertrains.…”

Optimizations for Hardware-in-the-Loop-Based V2X Validation Platforms

“…By the rapid growth of urbanization worldwide, connected and autonomous vehicles (CAVs) will increasingly play an important role to improve safety in our cities. The promises are to reduce the number of accidents and fatalities, to improve traffic and energy efficiency [1], to enable commercial applications such as toll collection, and so on [2]. Many applications are indeed being designed and developed for the intelligent transport system (ITS), which are based on vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communications [3,4,5].…”

“…The main wireless technologies that are currently used or expected to be used in short range to exchange these messages are IEEE 802.11p (corresponding to ITS-G5 in Europe) and cellular-V2X (C-V2X). 1 Safety is one of the most important aspects of such systems, and conducting extensive tests for the validation and reliability of the applications before moving to production is crucial. Noticeably, performing real-world field tests is very challenging for many reasons; first, providing a controlled environment to perform tests in the desired scenarios imposes relevant extra costs.…”

Development of an optimized game controller for energy saving in a novel interconnected air suspension system

“…The researchers studied the roll, 13–15 pitch, 16,17 elimination torsion, 18 and vibration isolation characteristics 19,20 and stability 21,22 in the air suspension field. Energy saving is a goal for many scholars in different fields of automotive engineering such as the transmission system, 23–26 driving cycle, 27–29 suspension system, 30–32 magnetorheological dampers, 33 energy harvesting, 34 and so on. Sun et al 30 declared that the interconnected system causes energy reduction due to not using compressor.…”