Energy scavenging with shoe-mounted piezoelectrics

Shenck, Nathan S.; Paradiso, Joseph A.

doi:10.1109/40.928763

Cited by 940 publications

(512 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…At a frequency of a footfall of 0.9 Hz, this arrangement produced an average power of 1.3 mW into a 250 k load. A second approach involved the use of a compressible dimorph (see figure 5) located in the heel of a Navy work boot that generated energy from the heel strike [45]. The dimorph incorporated two Thunder TH-6R piezoelectric transducers manufactured by Face International Corporation [46].…”

Section: Human Powered Piezoelectric Generationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy harvesting vibration sources for microsystems applications

Beeby

Tudor

White

2006

Meas. Sci. Technol.

2,635

1,468

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This paper reviews the state-of-the art in vibration energy harvesting for wireless, self-powered microsystems. Vibration-powered generators are typically, although not exclusively, inertial spring and mass systems. The characteristic equations for inertial-based generators are presented, along with the specific damping equations that relate to the three main transduction mechanisms employed to extract energy from the system. These transduction mechanisms are: piezoelectric, electromagnetic and electrostatic. Piezoelectric generators employ active materials that generate a charge when mechanically stressed. A comprehensive review of existing piezoelectric generators is presented, including impact coupled, resonant and human-based devices. Electromagnetic generators employ electromagnetic induction arising from the relative motion between a magnetic flux gradient and a conductor. Electromagnetic generators presented in the literature are reviewed including large scale discrete devices and wafer-scale integrated versions. Electrostatic generators utilize the relative movement between electrically isolated charged capacitor plates to generate energy. The work done against the electrostatic force between the plates provides the harvested energy. Electrostatic-based generators are reviewed under the classifications of in-plane overlap varying, in-plane gap closing and out-of-plane gap closing; the Coulomb force parametric generator and electret-based generators are also covered. The coupling factor of each transduction mechanism is discussed and all the devices presented in the literature are summarized in tables classified by transduction type; conclusions are drawn as to the suitability of the various techniques.

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Section: Human Powered Piezoelectric Generationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy harvesting vibration sources for microsystems applications

Beeby

Tudor

White

2006

Meas. Sci. Technol.

2,635

1,468

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“…Due to the flexibility of the polymer materials various sensors and actuators have been developed using piezoelectric polymers. With a renewed interest in renewable energy generation and urgency to reduce the carbon foot print, energy harvesting from renewable resources and body motion has been widely studied using piezoelectric PVDF [2], [6], [7]. There is also a high demand for electronic textiles (e-textiles) or smart textiles that can be used in everyday garment for electrical or computing applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The availability of flexible polymer based piezoelectric materials has attracted several applications and studies. Most of the applications use either thick or thin films of PVDF [2][3][4][5] and some use bulk materials [6]. Due to the flexibility of the polymer materials various sensors and actuators have been developed using piezoelectric polymers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Continuous production of piezoelectric PVDF fibre for e-textile applications

Hadimani

Bayramol

Sion

et al. 2013

Smart Mater. Struct.

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Polymers have been widely used as piezoelectric materials in the form of films and bulk materials but there are limited publications on piezoelectric fibre structures. In this paper the process of preparing piezoelectric polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) fibres from granules by continuous melt extrusion and in-line poling is reported for the first time. The poling of PVDF fibres was carried out at an extension ratio of 4:1, a temperature of 80 •C and a high voltage of the order of 13 000 V on a 0.5 mm diameter fibre in a melt extruder. The entire process of making PVDF fibres from granules and poling them to make piezoelectric fibres was carried out in a continuous process using a customized melt extruder. The prepared piezoelectric fibres were then tested using an impact test rig to show the generation of voltage upon application of an impact load. PVDF granules, unpoled fibres and poled fibres were examined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) which showed the presence of β phase in the poled fibres. The ultimate tensile stress and strain, Young's modulus and microstructures of poled and unpoled fibres were investigated using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Abstract. Polymers have been widely used as piezoelectric materials in the form of films and bulk materials but there are limited publications on piezoelectric fibre structures. In this paper the process of preparing piezoelectric Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF) fibres from granules by continuous melt extrusion and in-line poling is reported for the first time. The poling of PVDF fibres was carried at an extension ratio of 4:1, temperature of 80 °C and high voltage of the order of 13000 V on a 0.5mm diameter fibre in a melt extruder. The entire process of making PVDF fibres from granules and poling them to make piezoelectric fibres was carried out in a continuous process using a customised melt extruder. The prepared piezoelectric fibres were then tested using an impact test rig to show the generation of voltage upon application of an impact load. PVDF granules, unpoled fibres and poled fibres were examined by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) which shows the presence of β phase in the poled fibres. The ultimate tensile stress and strain, Young's modulus and microstructures of poled and unpoled fibres were investigated using a scanning electron microscope (SEM).

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“…Many technologies have been developed for extracting energy from the environment, including solar [1][2][3][4][5][6], wind [7], kinetic [8], radio frequency (RF) [9], vibrational [10] and piezoelectric strain [11,12] energy. With these energy harvesting technologies, researchers have designed various types of platforms to collect ambient energy from human activity or environments.…”

Section: (A) Energy Harvestingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy management in sensor networks

Stankovic

2012

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

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This paper presents a holistic view of energy management in sensor networks. We first discuss hardware designs that support the life cycle of energy, namely: (i) energy harvesting, (ii) energy storage and (iii) energy consumption and control. Then, we discuss individual software designs that manage energy consumption in sensor networks. These energy-aware designs include media access control, routing, localization and timesynchronization. At the end of this paper, we present a case study of the VigilNet system to explain how to integrate various types of energy management techniques to achieve collaborative energy savings in a large-scale deployed military surveillance system.

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Energy scavenging with shoe-mounted piezoelectrics

Cited by 940 publications

References 6 publications

Energy harvesting vibration sources for microsystems applications

Energy harvesting vibration sources for microsystems applications

Continuous production of piezoelectric PVDF fibre for e-textile applications

Energy management in sensor networks

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