Energy self-sufficiency of smallholder oil palm processing in Nigeria

Ohimain, Elijah I.; Izah, Sylvester Chibueze

doi:10.1016/j.renene.2013.10.007

Cited by 26 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Ohimain et al (2013a) reported chaff in the range of 0.8 -2.4%. The fractions of the byproducts generated during the processing of FFB into CPO are dependent on the oil palm variety, FFB quality and bunch size (Ohimain and Izah, 2014). At the Bayelsa Palm Mill, the processors combine Tenera and Dura varieties during processing.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Of these only 4187.23 MJ from EFB was utilized by the mill for boiling. Ohimain and Izah (2014) have reported biomass generation from smallholder processing mills for the processing of 1 tonne of FFB as EFB (240.8 -308.5 kg), PPF (238.4 -281.8 kg) and chaff (14.2 -24.3 kg). They also stated that 119.3 -152.1 kg of oil palm biomass (EFB, PKS, PPF and chaff) was used for boiling/sterilization.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In lesser palm production nations such as Nigeria, the dry mill approach predominates. The oil palm industry in Nigeria is dominated by 80% smallholders who use rudimentary/manual equipment for processing (Ohimain and Izah, 2014). While semi-mechanized accounts for 16% of the sector sharing about 50% the characteristics of both smallholder and mechanized processors (Ohimain and Izah, 2013).…”

Section: Fig-1mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The remaining process uses heat or electrical energy for processing. In countries such as Indonesia and Malaysia, 14.5 -25 kWh of electricity is required to process 1 tonne of FFB (Mahlia et al, 2001;Chavalparit et al, 2006;Yusoff, 2006;Ohimain and Izah, 2014). Excess biomass from palm oil mills in Malaysia is converted into fuel/power via gasification, pyrolysis and direct combustion using small and modular systems.…”

Section: Fig-1mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The total energy used by the mill was obtained by first converting both energy sources (biomass and diesel) to a common energy unit (MJ). This was done by multiplying the weight of biomass used to fire the boiler and the liters of fossil diesel used for digestion/pressing, stripping, clarification, fiber separation with their respective calorific values for EFB, PPF and chaff (mean 17.75, 18.75 and 17.78 MJ/kg, respectively) (Ohimain and Izah, 2014). The energy content of fossil diesel is 56.3MJ/l was also employed in the computation (Nanaki and Koroneos, 2012).…”

Section: Energy Use Computationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Energy Self-Sufficiency of Semi-Mechanized Oil Palm Processing: A Case Study of Bayelsa Palm Mill, Elebele, Nigeria

Ohimain

Izah

2015

Energy Economics Letters

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The study was designed to assess the energy requirement, biomass generation and the contribution of biomass in oil palm processing from1 tonne of fresh fruit bunch (FFB) by a semi- (bioethanol, bio-methanol, bio-oil) and gaseous fuel (biogas, bio-hydrogen 36 Contribution/ OriginalityThis study presents the energy requirement, biomass generation and the contribution of biomass in the processing from1 tonne of fresh fruit bunch of oil palm, by a semi-mechanized palm oil processing mill in Nigeria using various measurements approach and suggested potential means of utilizing the excess biomass from the mill for energy generation.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fig-1mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fig-1mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Energy Use Computationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Energy Self-Sufficiency of Semi-Mechanized Oil Palm Processing: A Case Study of Bayelsa Palm Mill, Elebele, Nigeria

Ohimain

Izah

2015

Energy Economics Letters

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Technology-based comparative life cycle assessment for palm oil industry: the case of Nigeria

Anyaoha

Zhang

2022

Environ Dev Sustain

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Oil palm dominates global oil production, trade, and consumption. Nigeria is one of the leading palm oil producers and consumers. A significant challenge of the palm oil industry is to reduce the environmental impacts (e.g. pollution and carbon footprint) and integrate a circular economy in operation. This study aims to comparatively quantify the environmental impacts of technologies used by different mills. We applied a life cycle assessment in the case of Nigeria. The study covers the reception and processing of fresh fruit bunch (FFB) to end-product palm oil. The inputs include generated empty fruit bunch (EFB), mesocarp fibre, palm kernel shell, palm oil mill effluent, diesel, water and all outputs to the environment for a functional unit of 1-tonne FFB. The results showed that large-scale mills perform worse (468 kg CO2-eq per t FFB) than the semi-mechanised and smallholder mills in effects on climate change but better in the other impact categories, including human toxicity, ecotoxicity, and fine particulate matter formation. In large-scale mills, the climate change impacts decrease by 75% when the raw palm oil mill effluent (POME) is used in composting EFB. Similarly, climate change impacts reduce by 44% when biogas from POME substitutes diesel in the semi-mechanised and smallholder mills. We conclude that regulatory measures are needed to ensure improved management practices in the production processes. Particular attention should be paid to the generation and reuse of biomass and POME. This study provides a handy reference to assist the sustainable energy transition in Nigeria’s and other parts of sub-Saharan Africa’s oil palm industry to mitigate climate change and form a cleaner bioeconomy.

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Longitudinal trends of future climate change and oil palm growth: empirical evidence for tropical Africa

Paterson

2021

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Palms are highly significant tropical plants. Oil palms produce palm oil, the basic commodity of a highly important industry. Climate change from greenhouse gasses is likely to decrease the ability of palms to survive, irrespective of them providing ecosystem services to communities. Little information about species survival in tropical regions under climate change is available and data on species migration under climate change is important. Palms are particularly significant in Africa: a palm oil industry already exists with Nigeria being the largest producer. Previous work using CLIMEX modelling indicated that Africa will have reduced suitable climate for oil palm in Africa. The current paper employs this modelling to assess how suitable climate for growing oil palm changed in Africa from current time to 2100. An increasing trend in suitable climate from west to east was observed indicating that refuges could be obtained along the African tropical belt. Most countries had reduced suitable climates but others had increased, with Uganda being particularly high. There may be a case for developing future oil palm plantations towards the east of Africa. The information may be usefully applied to other palms. However, it is crucial that any developments will fully adhere to environmental regulations. Future climate change will have severe consequences to oil palm cultivation but there may be scope for eastwards mitigation in Africa.

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Energy self-sufficiency of smallholder oil palm processing in Nigeria

Cited by 26 publications

References 33 publications

Energy Self-Sufficiency of Semi-Mechanized Oil Palm Processing: A Case Study of Bayelsa Palm Mill, Elebele, Nigeria

Energy Self-Sufficiency of Semi-Mechanized Oil Palm Processing: A Case Study of Bayelsa Palm Mill, Elebele, Nigeria

Technology-based comparative life cycle assessment for palm oil industry: the case of Nigeria

Longitudinal trends of future climate change and oil palm growth: empirical evidence for tropical Africa

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